Create an Azure stage¶

暂存区指定数据文件的存储位置（即“暂存”），以便可以将文件中的数据加载到表中。

Data can be loaded directly from files in a specified Azure container or in an Azure “folder” path (i.e. key value prefix). If the path ends with /, all of the objects in the corresponding Azure folder are loaded.

外部暂存区

除了直接从 Azure 容器中的文件加载之外，Snowflake 还支持创建命名的外部暂存区，其中封装了暂存文件所需的所有信息，包括：

暂存文件的 Azure 容器。
容器的命名存储集成对象或 Azure 凭据（如果受保护）。
加密密钥（如果容器中的文件已加密）。

Named external stages are optional, but recommended when you plan to load data regularly from the same location. For instructions for creating an external stage, see Create an external stage below.

Note

To improve query performance for an Azure external stage, configure your network routing to use Microsoft network routing (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/network-routing-preference#microsoft-global-network-versus-internet-routing). For instructions, see the Azure documentation (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/configure-network-routing-preference?tabs=azure-portal).

Create an external stage¶

您可以使用 SQL 或 Web 界面创建命名的外部暂存区。

Note

To create a stage, you must use a role that is granted or inherits the necessary privileges. For more information, see Access control requirements for CREATE STAGE.

Create an external stage using SQL¶

Use the CREATE STAGE command to create an external stage.

The following example creates an external stage named my_azure_stage. The CREATE statement includes the azure_int storage integration that was created in Configure an Azure container for loading data to access the Azure container container1 in the myaccount account.

The data files are stored in the load/files/ path. The stage references a named file format object named my_csv_format, which describes the data in the files stored in the path:

CREATE STAGE my_azure_stage
  STORAGE_INTEGRATION = azure_int
  URL = 'azure://myaccount.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/load/files/'
  FILE_FORMAT = my_csv_format;

Note

Use the blob.core.windows.net endpoint for all supported types of Azure blob storage accounts, including Data Lake Storage Gen2.

Note

By specifying a named file format object (or individual file format options) for the stage, it is not necessary to later specify the same file format options in the COPY command used to load data from the stage. For more information about file format objects and options, see CREATE FILE FORMAT.

使用 Python 创建外部暂存区¶

Use the StageCollection.create method of the Snowflake Python APIs to create an external stage.

Similar to the preceding SQL example, the following Python example creates an external stage named my_azure_stage:

from snowflake.core.stage import Stage

my_stage = Stage(
  name="my_azure_stage",
  storage_integration="azure_int",
  url="azure://myaccount.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/load/files/"
)
root.databases["<database>"].schemas["<schema>"].stages.create(my_stage)

Note

The Python API currently does not support the FILE_FORMAT parameter of the CREATE STAGE SQL command.

Create an external stage using Snowsight¶

To use Snowsight to create a named external stage, do the following:

sign in to Snowsight.
at the top of the navigation menu, select (Create) » Stage » External Stage.
Select your external cloud storage provider: Amazon S3, Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud Platform.
In the Create Stage dialog, enter a Stage Name.
Select the database and schema where you want to create the stage.
Enter the URL of your external cloud storage location.
If your external storage isn’t public, enable Authentication and enter your details. For more information, see CREATE STAGE.
Optionally deselect Directory table. Directory tables let you see files on the stage, but require a warehouse and thus incur a cost. You can choose to deselect this option for now and enable a directory table later.

If you enable Directory table, optionally select Enable auto-refresh, and then select your event notification or notification integration to automatically refresh the directory table when files are added or removed. For more information, see Data Load Dirtables Auto.
If your files are encrypted, enable Encryption, and then enter your details.
(Optional) To view a generated SQL statement, expand the SQL Preview. To specify additional options for your stage, such as AUTO_REFRESH, you can open this SQL preview in a worksheet.
Select Create.

Next: Copy data from an Azure stage