Create a setup script¶

This topic describes how to use the setup script to create objects in the application object when running the CREATE APPLICATION command.

It also describes application roles and how they are used within the setup script.

About the setup script¶

The setup script contains SQL statements that are run when the CREATE APPLICATION command is run in one of following contexts:

A consumer installs or upgrades a Snowflake Native App.
A provider creates or upgrades an application object when testing an application package.

Note

The setup script only support using SQL commands. Other languages are not supported.

The SQL statements in the setup script create objects within the application object that are required by the app. This includes database objects, stored procedures, views, and application roles.

The manifest.yml file specifies the filename and relative path to the setup script. The setup script must exist on a named stage and be accessible by the app package.

Restrictions on the setup script¶

The following cannot be performed within a setup script:

USE DATABASE
USE SCHEMA
USE ROLE
USE SECONDARY ROLES
Setting the LOG_LEVEL or TRACE_LEVEL properties with the ALTER <object> command.
Creating or invoking procedures that are EXECUTE AS CALLER.
Creating Snowpark user-defined functions (UDFs) or procedures that use IMPORT to include files on a named stage.
Calling procedures, functions or anonymous code blocks that refer to code not included in the application package.
Importing code files from a named stage when using the CREATE FUNCTION command.
Using CALL to call a procedure that runs as EXECUTE AS CALLER.

There are additional restrictions on objects created within a versioned schema.

Visibility of objects created in the setup script¶

The setup script can create most types of database-level objects. Database objects created by the setup script are internal to the application. When a consumer installs an app, by default, these objects are invisible and inaccessible to the consumer account directly.

Note

Providers can access objects created by the setup script by using development mode when testing an application package. See About development mode for more information.

A provider can make these objects visible to the consumer using application roles. An application role created within the setup script is automatically granted to the role owning the application object. Application roles granted by the setup script cannot be revoked.

Users granted a role that owns the application object can grant application roles to other roles within their account. For example, the setup script can define an application role, such as APP_ADMIN, and this role can grant permission to access objects within the app.

Set the log level for messages output by the setup script¶

A provider can specify the log level for messages generated when the setup script runs. See Logging messages in Snowflake Scripting for additional information.

To configure the log level for the setup script, use one of the following system function:

For example, to configure the setup script to log error messages, add the following command at the beginning of the setup script:

SYSTEM$LOG('error', 'Error message');

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Create modular setup scripts¶

The setup script of a typical app can be large and complex. To make the setup script more modular and easier to maintain, a provider can create a primary setup script that calls multiple secondary setup scripts.

For example, a provider can create different setup scripts to handle different types of tasks, for example, creating objects, creating views, creating stored procedures, etc.

When the CREATE APPLICATION command runs, it runs the main setup script specified in the manifest.yml. To run additional setup scripts from the main setup script, use the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM command.

Setup scripts included in the primary setup script are run in the order they are encountered. These secondary setup scripts can also include instances of the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM command.

Add multiple setup scripts to an app¶

Add the location of the primary setup script to the manifest.yml.

artifacts:
  ...
  setup_script: scripts/setup.sql
  ...

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Create the primary setup script.

The following example shows a typical directory structure for an app:
```
@test.schema1.stage1:
└── /
    ├── manifest.yml
    ├── readme.md
    ├── scripts/setup_script.sql
```
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Where setup_script.sql is the primary setup script.

Create the secondary setup scripts.

The following example shows a typical directory structure for an app containing multiple setup scripts:

@test.schema1.stage1:
└── /
    ├── manifest.yml
    ├── readme.md
    ├── scripts/setup_script.sql
    ├── scripts/secondary_script.sql
    ├── scripts/procs/setup_procs.sql
    ├── scripts/views/setup_views.sql
    ├── scripts/data/setup_data.sql

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Within the primary setup script, use the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM command to specify a relative path to each secondary setup script:
```
...
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM 'secondary_script.sql';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM './procs/setup_procs.sql';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM '../scripts/views/setup_views.sql';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM '/scripts/data/setup_data.sql';
...
```
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The path provided to the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM command is case-sensitive and it can be used with any setup script. Use a forward slash (/) to indicate the relative path of the app root directory, use a period and a forward slash (./) to indicate the current directory for the setup script, and use two periods and a forward slash (../) to indicate the parent directory for the setup script.

A primary setup script is the script defined in the manifest. The EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM command can be used with any setup script.

Limitations on using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM in a setup script¶

The following limitations apply when using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM within a setup script:

Event logging is not supported in setup scripts called using EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM.
Accessing files stored on encrypted external stages in the consumer account is not supported.
During app runtime, only the relative path format with a forward slash (/) is permitted. For example, EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM '/scripts/data/setup_data.sql'.

Best practices when creating the setup script¶

Snowflake recommends the following best practices when creating the setup script for an app.

Use idempotent forms of CREATE statements¶

When using a CREATE command to create objects within the setup script, Snowflake recommends using the following versions of these commands:

CREATE OR REPLACE
CREATE IF NOT EXISTS

The setup script can be run multiple times during installation and upgrade. In cases where an error occurs, these objects might already exist, especially if they are created within a versioned schema.

Include the target schema when creating objects¶

The CREATE SCHEMA command does not change the session context. Objects must be qualified with the target schema when they are created. For example, to create a schema within the setup script, use the following commands:

CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS app_config;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS app_config.params(...);

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Do not refer to objects in the application object from outside the application object¶

Do not create objects outside the application object that refer to objects within the application object. Although the Snowflake Native App Framework does not prohibit creating these objects, it can lead to problems when a consumer installs the Snowflake Native App.

For example, consider the context where a setup script creates a database, schema, and view outside of the application object and the view refers to a table within the application object. In this context, the view in the database breaks when the consumer takes ownership of the database and drops the application object.

This best practice applies to tables, stored procedures, user-defined functions and references created by the setup script.

Account for possible failures when using versioned or non-versioned schemas¶

Objects in a versioned schema can refer to objects in a non-versioned schema and vice versa. The setup script must account for what might happen in case of failure during installation or upgrade. For example, a provider must account for what happens if the setup script automatically runs again if the initial run fails.

For example, consider creating objects using the following:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE app_state.proc()...;
GRANT USAGE ON PROCEDURE app_state.proc()
  TO APPLICATION ROLE app_user;

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In this example, the CREATE OR REPLACE statement replaces an existing procedure, which implicitly removes privileges that had been previously granted to that procedure. Although the grants might be restored later in the script, if the script fails when it is run, consumers might lose the ability to access the procedure.

If a setup script fails due to an issue that cannot be resolved by a retrying, for example a syntax error, the consumer cannot access the procedure until the app is upgraded to a new version or patch and the grant is restored.

Caution

The guidance in this section does not apply to tags, masking policies, and row access policies outside the context of the Snowflake Native App Framework.

Tag and policy assignments do not propagate to incremental versions of a versioned schema. These scenarios trigger an error message (using a tag as an example):

Create a tag in the versioned schema and assign the tag to an object in a different schema.
Create a tag in a non-versioned schema and assign the tag to an object in a versioned schema.
Create tables or views in the versioned schema and assign a tag to the tables or views when the tag exists in a non-versioned schema.
Create tables or views in a non-versioned schema and assign a tag to the tables or views when the tag exists in a versioned schema.

The error message is:

A TAG in a versioned schema can only be assigned to the objects in the same schema. An object in a versioned schema can only have a TAG assigned that is defined in the same schema.

If the policy assignment triggers the error message, the error message specifies POLICY instead of TAG.

To prevent the error message:

The Snowflake Native App provider should update the setup script to ensure that tags (or policies) are set on objects within the same schema as the tag when a versioned schema contains either the tag or the object on which the tag is set. If a non-versioned schema contains either the tag or the object on which the tag is set, it is not necessary to update the setup script.
If the Snowflake Native App consumer sees this error message when installing an application, the consumer should ask the provider to update their setup script. Additionally, the consumer should not assign any tag that exists in a versioned schema to any object in their account, such as a warehouse, or assign a policy that exists in a versioned schema to a table or column, or assign a policy or tag to an object that exists in a versioned schema inside the Snowflake Native App. If so, Snowflake returns the same error message.

Define views within a versioned schema¶

Always define views on shared content in a versioned schema to ensure that any code accessing the view during an upgrade uses a consistent view. You should also use a versioned schema when adding or removing new columns or other attributes.

Ensure time-consuming operations are compatible¶

If the setup script must perform very long-running operations, such as upgrading large state tables, ensure that these updates are compatible with existing running code from the previous version.

About application roles¶

By default the consumer has no privileges on objects created within the application. Even the ACCOUNTADMIN role cannot view the objects within an application. Objects that the application creates outside itself, for example a database, are visible only to the ACCOUNTADMIN role of the consumer account.

Application roles are similar to database roles, but may only be created within the application. Unlike database roles, application roles can be granted privileges on objects that exist outside of the application.

Application roles should be created by the setup script when the application is installed and are automatically granted to the application owner’s role, who then can grant appropriate application roles to other roles in the consumer account.

Note

Application roles are the only type of role that can be created within an application. Database roles, for example are not permitted within the application.

Likewise, application roles can only be created in an application and not, for example, in a normal database or at the account level.

Any privileges granted to application roles is passed to the application owner, which is the role used to install the application. The owner may further delegate application roles to other roles within the consumer account.

The setup script can also define an application role (e.g. USER). Using this role, consumers are granted access to use the functionality provided by the application. The setup script can define an application role, such as READ_ONLY, to provide restricted access to select areas of data within the application.

Unlike database roles, application roles may also be granted privileges on objects outside of the installed application. They may therefore be used to grant privileges on objects outside of the application. However, the application role itself must be created within the application.

Supported SQL commands for working with application roles¶

The Snowflake Native App Framework provides the following SQL commands for working with application roles:

Using application roles in the setup script¶

Application roles defined in the setup script are automatically granted to the role owning the application instance. When the application is installed, the role used to installed the application is the owner of the application. However, the application owner can grant privileges to other account roles in the consumer account.

Application roles allow privileges on objects within the application to be granted to the consumer. For example:

CREATE APPLICATION ROLE admin;
CREATE APPLICATION ROLE user;
GRANT APPLICATION ROLE user TO APPLICATION ROLE admin;

CREATE OR ALTER VERSIONED SCHEMA app_code;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA app_code TO APPLICATION ROLE admin;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA app_code TO APPLICATION ROLE user;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE app_code.config_app(...)
GRANT USAGE ON PROCEDURE app_code.config_app(..)
  TO APPLICATION ROLE admin;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION app_code.add(x INT, y INT)
GRANT USAGE ON FUNCTION app_code.add(INT, INT)
  TO APPLICATION ROLE admin;
GRANT USAGE ON FUNCTION app_code.add(INT, INT)
  TO APPLICATION ROLE user;

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In this example, the setup script creates application roles named admin and a user. The setup script then grants both application roles access to the schema containing the application code. It also grants access to the add function within the schema. The admin role is also granted access to the config_app procedure.

Application roles and versions¶

Application roles are not versioned. This means that dropping an application role or revoking a permission from an object that is not in a versioned schema can impact the current version of an application or the version being upgraded. Application roles may only be safely dropped when you have dropped all versions of the application that use those roles.

Note

Application roles cannot be granted ownership of objects. This means that an application role defined in the setup script should only be used to allow consumers to access objects within the installed Snowflake Native App.