SnowConvert: General Issues

SSC-EWI-0001

Unrecognized token on the line of the source code.

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Critical

Description

This issue occurs when there is an error while parsing the source code that is being converted. It means there is a source code syntax error or a specific statement of the code is not being recognized yet.

Example Code

The following example illustrates different parsing error scenarios where invalid syntax is placed in the input. Notice how the message varies between every scenario, these contents may be helpful on isolating and fixing the issue. For more information check “Message Contents” below.

Input Code:
 CRATE;

CREATE TABLE someTable(col1 INTEGER, !);

CREATE TABRE badTable(col1 INTEGER);

CREATE PROCEDURE proc1()
BEGIN
    CREATE TABLE badEmbeddedTable(col1 INTEGER);
END;
Copy
Generated Code:
 -- ** SSC-EWI-0001 - UNRECOGNIZED TOKEN ON LINE '1' COLUMN '1' OF THE SOURCE CODE STARTING AT 'CRATE'. EXPECTED 'STATEMENT' GRAMMAR. LAST MATCHING TOKEN WAS 'CRATE' ON LINE '1' COLUMN '1'. **
--CRATE
     ;

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE someTable (
    col1 INTEGER
--                ,
                 
-- ** SSC-EWI-0001 - UNRECOGNIZED TOKEN ON LINE '3' COLUMN '37' OF THE SOURCE CODE STARTING AT '!'. EXPECTED 'Column Definition' GRAMMAR. LAST MATCHING TOKEN WAS ',' ON LINE '3' COLUMN '35'. FAILED TOKEN WAS '!' ON LINE '3' COLUMN '37'. **
--                  !
                   )
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "teradata",  "convertedOn": "07/04/2024" }}'
;

-- ** SSC-EWI-0001 - UNRECOGNIZED TOKEN ON LINE '5' COLUMN '1' OF THE SOURCE CODE STARTING AT 'CREATE'. EXPECTED 'STATEMENT' GRAMMAR. LAST MATCHING TOKEN WAS 'CREATE' ON LINE '5' COLUMN '1'. **
--CREATE TABRE badTable(col1 INTEGER)
                                   ;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE proc1 ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "teradata",  "convertedOn": "07/04/2024" }}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
    BEGIN
        CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE badEmbeddedTable (
            col1 INTEGER);
    END;
$$;
Copy

Message Contents

  1. Starting clause: Specifies the starting location (line, column, and ‘text’) of the unrecognized code. The code will be commented from the ‘text’ element onward for every unrecognized element until the parser locates a possible recovery point.

  2. Expected grammar clause: Specifies the type of grammar that the parser was expecting. Check if the commented code has a matching type of the expected grammar.

  3. Last matching token clause (OPTIONAL): May appear if the unrecognized code was partially recognized. This signals the point up until the parser recognized valid elements, so check the following tokens in the commented code to make sure they are valid.

  4. Failed Token clause (OPTIONAL): May only be present when a “Last matching Token clause” is also present. This represents at which point the parser ultimately determined the code is invalid or not recognized. Make sure this element can be placed in this syntactical location.

Deprecated Message Contents

Note

The items in this list are not actively in usage, and are left here for historical purposes.

  1. Recovery Code (DEPRECATED): It is intended to be used as an error code, and may be supplied for better support during parser upgrade requests. It represents how the parser triggered its recovery mechanism.

Best Practices

  • Check if the source code has the correct syntax.

  • The message can be used to isolate and solve the issue.

  • If the syntax is not supported, it may be manually changed to a supported syntax.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0002

Default Parameters May Need To Be Reordered

Severity

Medium

Description

Default parameters may need to be reordered. Snowflake only supports default parameters at the end of the parameter declarations.

Example Code

Input Code:
 CREATE PROCEDURE MySampleProc
    @Param1 NVARCHAR(50) = NULL,
    @Param2 NVARCHAR(10),
    @Param3 NVARCHAR(10) = NULL,
    @Param4 NVARCHAR(10)
AS   
    SELECT 1;
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE MySampleProc
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0002 - DEFAULT PARAMETERS MAY NEED TO BE REORDERED. SNOWFLAKE ONLY SUPPORTS DEFAULT PARAMETERS AT THE END OF THE PARAMETERS DECLARATIONS ***/!!!
(PARAM1 STRING DEFAULT NULL, PARAM2 STRING, PARAM3 STRING DEFAULT NULL, PARAM4 STRING)
RETURNS TABLE()
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"transact"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
    DECLARE
        ProcedureResultSet RESULTSET;
    BEGIN
        ProcedureResultSet := (
        SELECT 1);
        RETURN TABLE(ProcedureResultSet);
    END;
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0003

Severity

Critical

Description

This issue appears when occurs an error executing a conversion rule for a specific SQL node
in the source code.

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0004

Severity

Critical

Description

This issue appears when occurs an error executing a conversion rule for a specific SCRIPT(bteq…) node in the source code.

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0005

Severity

Critical

Description

This issue appears when trying to convert the source code occurs an unexpected transformation error and the output code file can not be generated.

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0006

The current date/numeric format may have a different behavior in Snowflake.

Severity

Medium

Description

This error is added because Snowflake does not support date/numeric formats in some functions as is supported in the source language.

The following format elements are the ones that may behave differently in Snowflake:

Redshift Date / Time

Format ElementDescription
HHHour of day (01–12).
MSMillisecond (000–999).
USMicrosecond (000000–999999).
SSSS, SSSSSSeconds past midnight (0–86399).
Y,YYYYear (4 or more digits) with comma.
YYYLast 3 digits of year.
YLast digit of year.
IYYYISO 8601 week-numbering year(4 or more digits).
IYYLast 3 digits of ISO 8601 week-numbering year.
IYLast 2 digits of ISO 8601 week-numbering year.
ILast digit of ISO 8601 week-numbering year.
BC, bc, AD or adEra indicator (without periods).
B.C., b.c., A.D. or a.d.Era indicator (with periods).
MONTHFull upper case month name (blank-padded to 9 chars).
MonthFull capitalized month name (blank-padded to 9 chars).
monthFull lower case month name (blank-padded to 9 chars).
DAYFull upper case day name (blank-padded to 9 chars).
DayFull capitalized day name (blank-padded to 9 chars).
dayFull lower case day name (blank-padded to 9 chars).
DDDDay of year (001–366).
IDDDDay of ISO 8601 week-numbering year (001–371; day 1 of the year is Monday of the first ISO week).
DDay of the week, Sunday (1) to Saturday (7).
IDISO 8601 day of the week, Monday (1) to Sunday (7).
WWeek of month (1–5) (the first week starts on the first day of the month).
WWWeek number of year (1–53) (the first week starts on the first day of the year).
IWWeek number of ISO 8601 week-numbering year (01–53; the first Thursday of the year is in week 1).
CCCentury (2 digits) (the twenty-first century starts on 2001-01-01).
JJulian Date.
QQuarter.
RMMonth in upper case Roman numerals (I–XII; I=January).
rmMonth in lower case Roman numerals (i–xii; i=January).
TZUpper case time-zone abbreviation (only supported in to_char).
tzLower case time-zone abbreviation (only supported in to_char).
TZHTime-zone hours.
TZMTime-zone minutes.
OFTime-zone offset from UTC (only supported in to_char).
FM prefixFill mode (suppress leading zeroes and padding blanks).
TH suffixUpper case ordinal number suffix.
th suffixLower case ordinal number suffix.
FX prefixFixed format global option (see usage notes).
TM prefixTranslation mode (use localized day and month names based on lc_time (https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-LC-TIME)).
SP suffixSpell mode.

Note

For more information please refer to PostgreSQL Date/Time formats (https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-DATETIME-TABLE).

Note

The transformation of the TO_CHAR function supports most of this format elements, for a full list of suppported format elements and their equivalent mappings please refer to the Translation specification

BigQuery Format

Please review the detailed list here (https://app.gitbook.com/o/-MB4z_O8Sl--Tfl3XVml/s/t950HWwa5FvNA71Qes8u/).

Numeric

Pattern

Description

PR

negative value in angle brackets

RN

Roman numeral (input between 1 and 3999)

TH or th

ordinal number suffix

V

shift specified number of digits (see notes)

EEEE

exponent for scientific notation

Note

For more information please refer to PostgreSQL Numeric formats (https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-formatting.html#FUNCTIONS-FORMATTING-NUMERIC-TABLE).

Code Example

Input Code:
PostgreSQL
 SELECT 
   DATE_TRUNC('decade', TIMESTAMP '2017-03-17 02:09:30'),
   DATE_TRUNC('century', TIMESTAMP '2017-03-17 02:09:30'),
   DATE_TRUNC('millennium', TIMESTAMP '2017-03-17 02:09:30');
Copy
Generated Code:
Snowflake
 SELECT
      !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-PG0005 - DECADE FORMAT IS NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE. ***/!!!
      DATE_TRUNC('decade', TIMESTAMP '2017-03-17 02:09:30'),
      !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-PG0005 - CENTURY FORMAT IS NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE. ***/!!!
      DATE_TRUNC('century', TIMESTAMP '2017-03-17 02:09:30'),
      !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-PG0005 - MILLENNIUM FORMAT IS NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE. ***/!!!
      DATE_TRUNC('millennium', TIMESTAMP '2017-03-17 02:09:30');
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0007

Severity

Critical

Description

This error appears when occurs an error in writing the output file.

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0008

COLLATE clause may have a different behavior in Snowflake

Severity

Medium

Description

This warning is added when the collate clause is used as a column option because it is supported in Snowflake but may behave differently in the collate specification. Please review the collate documentation in order to verify which specifiers are supported in Snowflake.

Example Code

Input Code:
 CREATE TABLE TABLE01 (
    col1 text COLLATE "C"
);
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE TABLE TABLE01 (
    col1 text
              !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0008 - COLLATE CLAUSE MAY HAVE A DIFFERENT BEHAVIOR IN SNOWFLAKE. ***/!!! COLLATE "C"
);
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0009

Regexp_Substr Function only supports POSIX regular expressions.

Severity

Low

Description

Currently, there is no support in Snowflake for extended regular expression beyond the POSIX Basic Regular Expression syntax (link removed).

This EWI is added every time a function call to REGEX_SUBSTR, REGEX_REPLACE, or REGEX_INSTR is transformed to SnowFlake to warn the user about possible unsupported regular expressions. Some of the features not supported are lookahead, lookbehind, and non-capturing groups.

Example Code

Input Code:
 SELECT REGEXP_SUBSTR('qaqequ','q(?=u)', 1, 1);
Copy
Generated Code:
 SELECT
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0009 - REGEXP_SUBSTR FUNCTION ONLY SUPPORTS POSIX REGULAR EXPRESSIONS ***/!!!
REGEXP_SUBSTR('qaqequ','q(?=u)', 1, 1);
Copy

Best Practices

  • Check the regular expression used in each case to determine whether it needs manual intervention. More information about expanded regex support and alternatives in SnowFlake can be found here (https://community.snowflake.com/s/question/0D50Z00007ENLKsSAP/expanded-support-for-regular-expressions-regex).

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0010

Severity

Critical

Description

This error appears when there is not a transformation rule for a specific procedure statement.

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0011

Severity

High

Description

This error appears when there is an unexpected end of the statement in the source code and the error cannot be handled correctly.

Best Practices

  • Check if the source code is incomplete or if the statement that is being converted ends correctly.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0012

Severity

High

Description

This error appears when there is an unexpected end of the statement in the source code

Example Code

Input Code:
 CREATE VOLATILE SET TABLE VOLATILETABLE
(
    COL1                    INTEGER,
    COL2                    INTEGER,
    COL3                    INTEGER
)
ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS;
UPDATE TABLE2 as T2
SET T2.COL1 + VOLATILETABLE.COL1
WHERE T2.COL2 = VOLATILETABLE.COL2
    AND T2.COL3 = VOLATILETABLE.COL3
    AND     T2.COL4 = ( SELECT MAX(T3.COL1) 
                                   FROM
                                   TABLE3 T3
                                   WHERE T3.COL1 = T2.COL1);
Copy
Generated Code:
 --** SSC-FDM-TD0024 - SET TABLE FUNCTIONALITY NOT SUPPORTED. TABLE MIGHT HAVE DUPLICATE ROWS **
CREATE OR REPLACE TEMPORARY TABLE VOLATILETABLE
(
    COL1 INTEGER,
    COL2 INTEGER,
    COL3 INTEGER
)
--    --** SSC-FDM-0008 - ON COMMIT NOT SUPPORTED **
--ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"teradata"}}'
;

--** SSC-FDM-0007 - MISSING DEPENDENT OBJECTS "TABLE2", "TABLE3" **
UPDATE TABLE2 AS T2
    SET
        --** SSC-FDM-0025 - UNEXPECTED END OF STATEMENT. PLEASE CHECK THE LINE 9 OF ORIGINAL SOURCE CODE. **
        T2.COL1 + VOLATILETABLE.COL1
    FROM
        VOLATILETABLE
        WHERE T2.COL2 = _VOLATILETABLE.COL2
            AND T2.COL3 = _VOLATILETABLE.COL3
            AND     T2.COL4 = (
                SELECT
                    MAX(T3.COL1)
                                                  FROM
                    TABLE3 T3
                                                  WHERE T3.COL1 = T2.COL1);
Copy

Recommendation

  • Check if the source code is incomplete or if the statement that is being converted ends correctly.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0013

Severity

Critical

Description

This error appears when an exception is raised while converting an item from the source code.

Recommendation

SSC-EWI-0014

Severity

Critical

Description

This error appears when the body of a specific procedure statement is not generated.

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0015

Pivot/Unpivot multiple function not supported.

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Medium

Description

This section describes the different issues that could be triggered by PIVOT and UNPIVOT clauses. The not-supported scenarios are presented in the following table.

PIVOT

UNPIVOT

ORACLE

TERADATA

MULTIPLE COLUMN

X

X

X

X

RENAME COLUMN

X

X

X

X

MULTIPLE FUNCTION

X

X

X

WITH CLAUSE

X

X

XML OUTPUT FORMAT

X

X

IN CLAUSE SUBQUERY

X

X

X

IN CLAUSE ANY SEQUENCE

X

X

INCLUDE/EXCLUDE NULLS

X

X

X

MULTIPLE COLUMN

Multiple columns are not supported by PIVOT and UNPIVOT clauses.

Example Code
Input Code:
 SELECT * FROM star1p UNPIVOT ((sales,cogs)  FOR  yr_qtr
    IN ((Q101Sales, Q101Cogs) AS 'Q101A',
        (Q201Sales, Q201Cogs) AS 'Q201A', 
        (Q301Sales, Q301Cogs) AS 'Q301A')) AS Tmp;
Copy
Generated Code:
 // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.
SELECT * FROM
    star1p
           !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0015 - PIVOT/UNPIVOT MULTIPLE COLUMN NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
           UNPIVOT ((sales,cogs)  FOR  yr_qtr
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0015 - PIVOT/UNPIVOT MULTIPLE COLUMN NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
    IN ((Q101Sales, Q101Cogs) AS 'Q101A',
        (Q201Sales, Q201Cogs) AS 'Q201A',
        (Q301Sales, Q301Cogs) AS 'Q301A')) AS Tmp;
Copy

RENAME COLUMN

Renaming columns with aliases is not supported in snowflake UNPIVOT clauses, Snow Convert is going to remove aliases for functions or columns in order to create a valid query and check that this change does not affect the original functionality.

For PIVOT, the use of column aliases is only supported in SnowConvert for Teradata if the following two conditions are true: all expressions inside the IN clause have an alias associated and Snowconvert has information about the columns that will be generated as a result, either by providing the table definition or using a subquery with an explicit column list as input to the clause.

Example Code
Input Code:
CREATE TABLE star1(
	country VARCHAR(20),
	state VARCHAR(10), 
	yr INTEGER,
	qtr VARCHAR(3),
	sales INTEGER,
	cogs INTEGER
);

--SAMPLE 1
SELECT * FROM db1.star1p UNPIVOT (column1  FOR  for_column 
    IN (col1 AS 'as_col1', col2 AS 'as_col2')) Tmp;

--SAMPLE 2
SELECT *
FROM star1 PIVOT (
	SUM(sales) as ss1 FOR qtr                                                                                               
    IN ('Q1' AS Quarter1,                                                                                                     
    	'Q2' AS Quarter2, 
        'Q3' AS Quarter3)
)Tmp;

--SAMPLE 3
SELECT 
	* 
FROM (
	SELECT 
		country,
		state, 
		yr,
		qtr,
		sales,
		cogs
	FROM star1 ) A
PIVOT (
	SUM(sales) as ss1 FOR qtr                                                                                               
    IN ('Q1' AS Quarter1,                                                                                                     
    	'Q2' AS Quarter2, 
        'Q3' AS Quarter3)
)Tmp;
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE star1 (
	country VARCHAR(20),
	state VARCHAR(10),
	yr INTEGER,
	qtr VARCHAR(3),
	sales INTEGER,
	cogs INTEGER
)
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "teradata",  "convertedOn": "08/14/2024" }}'
;

--SAMPLE 1
--** SSC-FDM-0007 - MISSING DEPENDENT OBJECT "db1.star1p" **
SELECT
	* FROM db1.star1p UNPIVOT (column1  FOR  for_column
	    IN (col1 AS 'as_col1', col2 AS 'as_col2')) Tmp !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0073 - PENDING FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE REVIEW FOR 'PivotUnpivotTableReference' NODE ***/!!!;

--SAMPLE 2
SELECT
	*
FROM
	star1 PIVOT (
	SUM(sales) FOR qtr IN ('Q1',
	   	'Q2',
	       'Q3')) Tmp (
		country,
		state,
		yr,
		cogs,
		Quarter1_ss1,
		Quarter2_ss1,
		Quarter3_ss1
	);

--SAMPLE 3
	SELECT
		*
	FROM (
		SELECT
				country,
				state,
				yr,
				qtr,
				sales,
				cogs
			FROM
				star1
	) A
	PIVOT (
		SUM(sales) FOR qtr IN ('Q1',
	    'Q2',
	        'Q3')) Tmp (
		country,
		state,
		yr,
		cogs,
		Quarter1_ss1,
		Quarter2_ss1,
		Quarter3_ss1
	);
Copy

MULTIPLE FUNCTION

Multiple function is not supported for PIVOT clauses, sometimes multiple function queries could be re-written using case statements, see the following Teradata sample for more information https://docs.teradata.com/r/756LNiPSFdY~4JcCCcR5Cw/L0kKSOrOeu_68mcW3o8ilw (https://docs.teradata.com/r/756LNiPSFdY~4JcCCcR5Cw/L0kKSOrOeu_68mcW3o8ilw)

Example Code
Input Code:
 SELECT *
FROM STAR1 PIVOT(SUM(COL1), SUM(COL2) FOR YR IN ('Y1', 'Y2', 'Y3'))TMP;
Copy
Generated Code:
 // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.
SELECT
*
FROM
STAR1
      !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0015 - PIVOT/UNPIVOT MULTIPLE FUNCTION NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
      PIVOT(SUM(COL1), SUM(COL2) FOR YR IN ('Y1', 'Y2', 'Y3'))TMP;
Copy

WITH CLAUSE

Teradata PIVOT has an optional WITH clause, this is not allowed in Snowflake’s PIVOT.

Example Code
Input Code:
 SELECT *
FROM STAR1 PIVOT(SUM(COL1) FOR YR IN ('Y1', 'Y2', 'Y3') WITH SUM(*) AS withalias)TMP;
Copy
Generated Code:
 // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.
SELECT
*
FROM
STAR1 PIVOT(SUM(COL1) FOR YR IN ('Y1', 'Y2', 'Y3')
                                                   !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0015 - PIVOT/UNPIVOT WITH CLAUSE NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
 WITH SUM(*) AS withalias)TMP;
Copy

XML OUTPUT FORMAT

XML output for the PIVOT clause is not supported by Snowflake.

Example Code
Input Code:
 SELECT * FROM   (SELECT product_code, quantity FROM pivot_test)
PIVOT XML (SUM(quantity) 
FOR (product_code) IN ('A','B','C'));
Copy
Generated Code:
 // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.
SELECT * FROM
(
SELECT product_code, quantity FROM
pivot_test)
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0015 - PIVOT/UNPIVOT XML OUTPUT FORMAT NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
PIVOT (SUM(quantity) FOR product_code IN ( 'A', 'B', 'C'));
Copy

IN CLAUSE SUBQUERY

Subqueries for the IN clause are not supported.

Example Code
Input Code:
 SELECT * FROM s1 PIVOT(SUM(COL1) FOR FORCOL IN (SELECT SELCOL FROM S2))DT;
Copy
Generated Code:
 // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.
SELECT * FROM
s1 PIVOT (SUM(COL1) FOR FORCOL
                               !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0015 - PIVOT/UNPIVOT IN CLAUSE SUBQUERY NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!! IN (SELECT SELCOL FROM
                               S2));
Copy

IN CLAUSE ANY SEQUENCE

This error is triggered when ANY keyword is used in the IN clause. This is currently not supported.

Example Code
Input Code:
 SELECT * FROM (SELECT product_code, quantity FROM pivot_test)
PIVOT (SUM(quantity)
FOR product_code IN (ANY, ANY, ANY));
Copy
Generated Code:
 // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.
SELECT * FROM (SELECT product_code, quantity FROM
pivot_test)
PIVOT (SUM(quantity)
FOR product_code
                 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0015 - PIVOT/UNPIVOT IN CLAUSE ANY SEQUENCE NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
 IN (ANY, ANY, ANY));
Copy

INCLUDE/EXCLUDE NULLS

INCLUDE NULLS or EXCLUDE NULLS are not valid options for UNPIVOT clauses in Snowflake.

Example Code
Input Code:
 SELECT * FROM db1.star1p UNPIVOT INCLUDE NULLS (column1  FOR  for_column IN (col1, col2)) Tmp;
Copy
Generated Code:
 // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.
SELECT * FROM
db1.star1p
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0015 - PIVOT/UNPIVOT INCLUDE NULLS NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
UNPIVOT ( column1 FOR for_column IN (
col1,
col2)) Tmp;
Copy

Best Practices

  • Re-write the query if possible, otherwise, no additional user actions are required.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0016

Snowflake does not support the options clause.

Severity

Medium

Description

This EWI is added to DDLs statements when the OPTIONS has unsupported options by Snowflake.

Code Example

Input Code:

BigQuery
 CREATE VIEW my_view
OPTIONS (
  expiration_timestamp=TIMESTAMP "2026-01-01 00:00:00 UTC",
  privacy_policy='{"aggregation_threshold_policy": {"threshold": 50, "privacy_unit_columns": "ID"}}'
) AS
SELECT column1, column2
FROM my_table;
Copy

Output Code:

Snowflake
 CREATE VIEW my_view
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0016 - SNOWFLAKE DOES NOT SUPPORT THE OPTIONS: EXPIRATION_TIMESTAMP, PRIVACY_POLICY. ***/!!!
OPTIONS(
  expiration_timestamp=TIMESTAMP "2026-01-01 00:00:00 UTC",
  privacy_policy='{"aggregation_threshold_policy": {"threshold": 50, "privacy_unit_columns": "ID"}}'
)
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "bigquery",  "convertedOn": "07/10/2025",  "domain": "no-domain-provided" }}'
AS
SELECT column1, column2
FROM
  my_table;
Copy

SSC-EWI-0020

CUSTOM UDF INSERTED.

Severity

Low

Summary

There are several User-Defined Functions (UDF) provided by SnowConvert used to reproduce source language behaviors that are not supported by Snowflake, functionality and descriptions are detailed below.

UDFs can be found in “UDF Helpers” folder created in the output path after the migration has occurred.

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0021

Not supported.

Severity

Medium

Description

This message appears when a specific node or statement from the source code is not supported in Snowflake.

Example Code

Input Code:
 WITH my_av ANALYTIC VIEW AS
(USING sales_av HIERARCHIES(time_hier) ADD MEASURES(lag_sales AS (LAG(sales) OVER (HIERARCHY time_hier OFFSET 1 )))) 
SELECT aValue from my_av;
Copy
Generated Code:
 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0021 - SubavFactoring NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!
WITH my_av ANALYTIC VIEW AS
(USING sales_av HIERARCHIES(time_hier) ADD MEASURES(lag_sales AS (LAG(sales) OVER (HIERARCHY time_hier OFFSET 1 ))))
SELECT aValue from my_av;
Copy

Best Practices

  • If this error happens is because there is no Snowflake equivalent for the node that is being converted.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0022

One or more identifiers in a specific statement are considered parameters by default.

Warning

The EWI is only generated when Javascript is the target language for Stored Procedures. This is a deprecated translation feature, as Snowflake Scripting is the recommended target language for Stored Procedures.

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Medium

Description

This error is used to report that one or more identifiers in a specific statement are considered parameters by default.

Example Code

Input Code:
 -- Additional Params: -t javascript
CREATE MACRO SAME_MACRO_COLUMN_AND_PARAMATERS (
LOAD_USER_ID (VARCHAR (32), CHARACTER SET LATIN),
UPDATE_USER_ID (VARCHAR (32), CHARACTER SET LATIN)
) AS (
UPDATE TABLE1 SET LOAD_USER_ID = :LOAD_USER_ID, UPDATE_USER_ID = :UPDATE_USER_ID;
INSERT INTO TABLE1 (LOAD_USER_ID, UPDATE_USER_ID) VALUES (:LOAD_USER_ID, :UPDATE_USER_ID);
DELETE FROM TABLE1 WHERE :LOAD_USER_ID = LOAD_USER_ID;
);
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE SAME_MACRO_COLUMN_AND_PARAMATERS (LOAD_USER_ID VARCHAR (32), UPDATE_USER_ID VARCHAR (32))
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "teradata",  "convertedOn": "07/10/2025",  "domain": "no-domain-provided" }}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
BEGIN
UPDATE TABLE1
SET LOAD_USER_ID = :LOAD_USER_ID, UPDATE_USER_ID = :UPDATE_USER_ID
;
INSERT INTO TABLE1 (LOAD_USER_ID, UPDATE_USER_ID)
VALUES (:LOAD_USER_ID, :UPDATE_USER_ID);
DELETE FROM
TABLE1
WHERE
UPPER(RTRIM(:LOAD_USER_ID)) = UPPER(RTRIM(LOAD_USER_ID));
END;
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

  • Make sure all the dependencies(tables and views) related to the procedure statement are being migrated.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0023

Performance Review - A loop contains an insert, delete, or update statement.

Warning

The EWI is only generated when Javascript is the target language for Stored Procedures. This is a deprecated translation feature, as Snowflake Scripting is the recommended target language for Stored Procedures.

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Low

Description

This warning indicates a possible consideration that the user should have in terms of performance.

Example Code

Input Code:
 -- Additional Params: -t javascript
REPLACE PROCEDURE Database1.Proc1()
BEGIN
    DECLARE lNumber INTEGER DEFAULT 1;
    FOR class1 AS class2 CURSOR FOR 
      SELECT COL0,
      TRIM(COL1) AS COL1ALIAS,
      TRIM(COL2),
      COL3
      FROM someDb.prefixCol
    DO
      INSERT INTO TempDB.Table1 (:lgNumber, :lNumber, (',' || :class1.ClassCD || '_Ind CHAR(1) NOT NULL'));
      SET lNumber = lNumber + 1;
    END FOR;
END;
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE Database1.Proc1 ()
RETURNS STRING
LANGUAGE JAVASCRIPT
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"teradata"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
    // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.

    var LNUMBER = 1;
    /*** SSC-EWI-0023 - PERFORMANCE REVIEW - THIS LOOP CONTAINS AN INSERT, DELETE OR UPDATE STATEMENT ***/
    for(var CLASS2 = new CURSOR(`SELECT
   COL0,
   TRIM(COL1) AS COL1ALIAS,
   TRIM(COL2),
   COL3
FROM
   someDb.prefixCol`,[],false).OPEN();CLASS2.NEXT();) {
        let CLASS1 = CLASS2.CURRENT;
        EXEC(`INSERT INTO TempDB.Table1
VALUES (:lgNumber, :1, (',' || :
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0026 - THE  VARIABLE class1.ClassCD MAY REQUIRE A CAST TO DATE, TIME OR TIMESTAMP ***/!!!
:2 || '_Ind CHAR(1) NOT NULL'))`,[LNUMBER,CLASS1.CLASSCD]);
        LNUMBER = LNUMBER + 1;
    }
    CLASS2.CLOSE();
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0025

Binding time variables might require a change in the query.

Warning

The EWI is only generated when Javascript is the target language for Stored Procedures. This is a deprecated translation feature, as Snowflake Scripting is the recommended target language for Stored Procedures.

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Low

Description

The action of binding time variables might require changes in the query that contains them.

Example Code

Input Code:
 -- Additional Params: -t javascript
CREATE PROCEDURE P_1025()
BEGIN
  DECLARE LN_EMP_KEY_NO_PARAM NUMERIC DEFAULT -1;
  DECLARE FLOATVARNAME FLOAT DEFAULT 12.1;
  DECLARE hErrorMsg CHARACTER(30) DEFAULT 'NO ERROR';
  DECLARE CurrTs TIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIME;
  DECLARE CurrTs2 TIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
END;
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE P_1025 ()
RETURNS STRING
LANGUAGE JAVASCRIPT
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"teradata"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
  // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.

  var LN_EMP_KEY_NO_PARAM = -1;
  var FLOATVARNAME = 12.1;
  var HERRORMSG = `NO ERROR`;
  var CURRTS = new Date() /*** SSC-EWI-0025 - BINDING TIME VARIABLE MIGHT REQUIRE CHANGE IN QUERY. ***/;
  var CURRTS2 = new Date();
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0026

Qualified variables may require a cast.

Warning

The EWI is only generated when Javascript is the target language for Stored Procedures. This is a deprecated translation feature, as Snowflake Scripting is the recommended target language for Stored Procedures.

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Low

Description

This warning is added when there is a query with a variable with a qualified member like an Oracle record or a Teradata for loop variable. Depending on where the variable is being used and the type of value, a cast may be necessary to work properly.

Example Code

Input Code:
 CREATE TABLE TABLE1 (COL1 DATE);
CREATE TABLE TABLE2 (COL1 VARCHAR(25));

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE EXAMPLE
IS
    CURSOR C1 IS SELECT * FROM TABLE1;
BEGIN
    FOR REC1 IN C1 LOOP
		    insert into TABLE2 values (TO_CHAR(REC1.COL1, 'DD-MM-YYYY'));
    END LOOP;
END;
Copy
Generated Code:
 -- Additional Params: -t javascript
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE TABLE1 (COL1 TIMESTAMP /*** SSC-FDM-OR0042 - DATE TYPE COLUMN HAS A DIFFERENT BEHAVIOR IN SNOWFLAKE. ***/
)
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
;

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE TABLE2 (COL1 VARCHAR(25))
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE EXAMPLE ()
RETURNS STRING
LANGUAGE JAVASCRIPT
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
	// SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.

	let C1 = new CURSOR(`SELECT * FROM
      TABLE1`,() => []);
	C1.OPEN();
	// ** SSC-EWI-0023 - PERFORMANCE REVIEW - THIS LOOP CONTAINS AN INSERT, DELETE OR UPDATE STATEMENT **
	while ( C1.NEXT() ) {
		let REC1 = C1.CURRENT;
		EXEC(`insert into TABLE2
		    values (TO_CHAR(
		    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0026 - THE  VARIABLE REC1.COL1 MAY REQUIRE A CAST TO DATE, TIME OR TIMESTAMP ***/!!!
		    ?, 'DD-MM-YYYY'))`,[REC1.COL1]);
	}
	C1.CLOSE();
$$;
Copy
Generated Code with adjustments:
 CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE TABLE1 (COL1 TIMESTAMP
)
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
;

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE TABLE2 (COL1 VARCHAR(25))
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE EXAMPLE ()
RETURNS STRING
LANGUAGE JAVASCRIPT
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
	// SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.

	let C1 = new CURSOR(`SELECT * FROM
      TABLE1`,() => []);
	C1.OPEN();
	// ** SSC-EWI-0023 - PERFORMANCE REVIEW - THIS LOOP CONTAINS AN INSERT, DELETE OR UPDATE STATEMENT **
	while ( C1.NEXT() ) {
		let REC1 = C1.CURRENT;
		EXEC(`insert into TABLE2
		    values (TO_CHAR(REC1.COL1::DATE, 'DD-MM-YYYY'))`,[REC1.COL1]);
	}
	C1.CLOSE();
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

  • Check if a cast to a Date, Time, or Timestamp is necessary for the binding. Some cases are not necessary because an implicit conversion is done to the value.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0027

The following statement uses a variable/literal with an invalid query and it will not be executed.

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Medium

Description

This warning is used to report that a specific statement uses a variable or literal with an invalid query and for that reason, it will not be executed.

Example Code

Input Code:
 REPLACE PROCEDURE TEST.COLLECT_STATS () 
BEGIN
  COLLECT STATS ON DBC.AccessRights COLUMN(COLNAME);

  SET STATS_STATEMENT = 'COLLECT STATS ON ' || OUT_DB || '.' || OUT_TBL || ' COLUMN(' || C4.ColumnName || ');';

  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE STATS_STATEMENT;

  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'COLLECT STATS ON DBC.AccessRights COLUMN(COLNAME);';

  SET STATS_STATEMENT_NOT_DYNAMIC = 'COLLECT STATS ON DBC.AccessRights COLUMN(COLNAME);';

  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE STATS_STATEMENT_NOT_DYNAMIC;

END;
;
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE TEST.COLLECT_STATS ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"teradata"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
  BEGIN
--    --** SSC-FDM-0027 - REMOVED NEXT STATEMENT, NOT APPLICABLE IN SNOWFLAKE. COLLECT **
--    COLLECT STATS ON DBC.AccessRights COLUMN(COLNAME);
    STATS_STATEMENT := 'COLLECT STATS ON ' || OUT_DB || '.' || OUT_TBL || ' COLUMN(' || C4.ColumnName || ')';
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0027 - THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT USES A VARIABLE/LITERAL WITH AN INVALID QUERY AND IT WILL NOT BE EXECUTED ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!

    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE STATS_STATEMENT;
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0027 - THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT USES A VARIABLE/LITERAL WITH AN INVALID QUERY AND IT WILL NOT BE EXECUTED ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!

    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'COLLECT STATS ON DBC.AccessRights COLUMN(COLNAME)';
    STATS_STATEMENT_NOT_DYNAMIC := 'COLLECT STATS ON DBC.AccessRights COLUMN(COLNAME)';
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0027 - THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT USES A VARIABLE/LITERAL WITH AN INVALID QUERY AND IT WILL NOT BE EXECUTED ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!

    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE STATS_STATEMENT_NOT_DYNAMIC;
  END;
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

  • Check if a cast to a Date, Time, or Timestamp is necessary for the binding. Some cases are not necessary because an implicit conversion is done to the value.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0028

Type not supported by Snowflake

Severity

Medium

Description

This message appears when a type is not supported in Snowflake.

Example

Input Code (Oracle):
 CREATE TABLE MYTABLE
(
    COL1 SYS.ANYDATASET
);
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE MYTABLE
    (
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0028 - TYPE NOT SUPPORTED BY SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!
        COL1 SYS.ANYDATASET
    )
    COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
    ;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0029

External table data format not supported in snowflake

Severity

Medium

Description

Snowflake supports the following External Table formats:

BigQuery

Snowflake

AVRO

AVRO

CSV
GOOGLE_SHEETS

CSV

NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON
JSON

JSON

ORC

ORC

PARQUET

PARQUET

When an external table has other FORMAT not specified in the above table, this EWI will be generated to inform the user that the FORMAT is not supported.

Code Example

Input Code:
BigQuery
 CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL TABLE test.backup_restore_table
OPTIONS (
  format = 'DATASTORE_BACKUP',
  uris = ['gs://backup_bucket/backup_folder/*']
);
Copy
Generated Code:
Snowflake
 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0029 - EXTERNAL TABLE DATA FORMAT NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!
CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL TABLE test.backup_restore_table
OPTIONS (
  format = 'DATASTORE_BACKUP',
  uris = ['gs://backup_bucket/backup_folder/*']
);
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0030

The statement below has usages of dynamic SQL

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Medium

Description

This error is used to indicate that the statement has usages of dynamic SQL. Each specific source language has its own set of statements that can execute dynamic SQL. Dynamic SQL refers to code that is built as text using the string manipulation tools the database engine language provides.

This scenario is considered a complex pattern because dynamic SQL is built and executed in runtime making it more difficult to track and debug errors. This error is meant to be a helper to spot some problems that a static-code analyzer such as Snow Convert cannot.

Code Example

Teradata

Input
 REPLACE PROCEDURE teradata_dynamic_sql()
BEGIN
  DECLARE str_sql VARCHAR(20);
  SET str_sql = 'UPDATE TABLE
                    SET COLA = 0,
                        COLB = ''test''';

  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE str_sql;
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO TABLE1(COL1) VALUES(1)';
  EXECUTE str_sql;
  CALL DBC.SysExecSQL('INSERT INTO TABLE1(COL1) VALUES(1)');
END;
Copy
Output
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE teradata_dynamic_sql ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "teradata",  "convertedOn": "07/04/2024" }}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
  DECLARE
    str_sql VARCHAR(20);
  BEGIN
     
    str_sql := 'UPDATE "TABLE"
   SET COLA = 0,
       COLB = ''test''';
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE str_sql;
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO TABLE1 (COL1)
VALUES (1);';
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE str_sql;
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO TABLE1 (COL1)
VALUES (1);';
  END;
$$;
Copy

Oracle

Input
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE oracle_dynamic_sql
AS
    dynamic_statement VARCHAR(100);
    numeric_variable INTEGER;
    dynamic_statement VARCHAR(100);
    column_variable VARCHAR(100);
    cursor_variable SYS_REFCURSOR;
    c INTEGER;
    dynamic_statement VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
    dynamic_statement := 'INSERT INTO sample_table(col1) VALUES(1)';
    numeric_variable := 3;
    column_variable := 'col1';

    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE dynamic_statement;
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO sample_table(col1) VALUES(' || numeric_variable || ')';

    OPEN cursor_variable FOR dynamic_statement;
    OPEN cursor_variable FOR 'SELECT ' || column_variable || ' FROM sample_table';
    OPEN cursor_variable FOR 'SELECT col1 FROM sample_table';

    
    c := DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR;
    dynamic_statement := 'SELECT * FROM sample_table';
    DBMS_SQL.PARSE(c, dynamic_statement);
END;
Copy
Output
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE oracle_dynamic_sql ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
    DECLARE
        dynamic_statement VARCHAR(100);
        numeric_variable INTEGER;
        dynamic_statement VARCHAR(100);
        column_variable VARCHAR(100);
        cursor_variable_res RESULTSET;
        c INTEGER;
        dynamic_statement VARCHAR(100);
    BEGIN
        dynamic_statement := 'INSERT INTO sample_table(col1) VALUES(1)';
        numeric_variable := 3;
        column_variable := 'col1';
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE :dynamic_statement;
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO sample_table(col1) VALUES(' || NVL(:numeric_variable :: STRING, '') || ')';
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
        cursor_variable_res := (
            EXECUTE IMMEDIATE :dynamic_statement
        );
        LET cursor_variable CURSOR
        FOR
            cursor_variable_res;
        OPEN cursor_variable;
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
        cursor_variable_res := (
            EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT ' || NVL(:column_variable :: STRING, '') || ' FROM
   sample_table'
        );
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-OR0133 - THE CURSOR VARIABLE NAMED 'cursor_variable' HAS ALREADY BEEN ASSIGNED IN ANOTHER CURSOR ***/!!!
        LET cursor_variable CURSOR
        FOR
            cursor_variable_res;
        OPEN cursor_variable;
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
        cursor_variable_res := (
            EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT col1 FROM
   sample_table'
        );
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-OR0133 - THE CURSOR VARIABLE NAMED 'cursor_variable' HAS ALREADY BEEN ASSIGNED IN ANOTHER CURSOR ***/!!!
        LET cursor_variable CURSOR
        FOR
            cursor_variable_res;
        OPEN cursor_variable;
        c :=
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-OR0076 - TRANSLATION FOR BUILT-IN PACKAGE 'DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR' IS NOT CURRENTLY SUPPORTED. ***/!!!
        '' AS OPEN_CURSOR;
        dynamic_statement := 'SELECT * FROM
   sample_table';
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-OR0076 - TRANSLATION FOR BUILT-IN PACKAGE 'DBMS_SQL.PARSE' IS NOT CURRENTLY SUPPORTED. ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
    DBMS_SQL.PARSE(:c, :dynamic_statement);
    END;
$$;
Copy

SQL Server

Input
 CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE transact_dynamic_sql
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @dynamicStatement AS VARCHAR(200);
    DECLARE @numericVariable AS VARCHAR(200);

    SET @dynamicStatement = 'INSERT INTO sample_table(col1) VALUES(1);';
    SET @numericVariable = '3';

    EXECUTE (@dynamicStatement);
    EXEC ('INSERT INTO sampleTable(col1) VALUES (' + @numericVariable + ');');
    EXECUTE ('INSERT INTO sampleTable(col1) VALUES(10);') AS USER = 'DbAdmin';
    
    INSERT INTO sampleTable EXECUTE sp_executesql @statement = 'SELECT * FROM sampleTable;';
    INSERT INTO sampleTable EXECUTE ('SELECT * FROM sampleTable;');
END;
Copy
Output
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE transact_dynamic_sql ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "transact",  "convertedOn": "11/13/2024",  "domain": "test" }}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
    DECLARE
        DYNAMICSTATEMENT VARCHAR(200);
        NUMERICVARIABLE VARCHAR(200);
    BEGIN
         
         
        DYNAMICSTATEMENT := 'INSERT INTO sample_table (col1) VALUES(1);';
        NUMERICVARIABLE := '3';
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE :DYNAMICSTATEMENT;
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO sampleTable (col1) VALUES (' || :NUMERICVARIABLE || ');';
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0021 - EXECUTE AS USER/LOGIN NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!
        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO sampleTable (col1) VALUES(10);';
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0073 - PENDING FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE REVIEW FOR 'INSERT WITH EXECUTE' NODE ***/!!!
        INSERT INTO sampleTable EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT
   *
FROM
   sampleTable;';
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0073 - PENDING FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE REVIEW FOR 'INSERT WITH EXECUTE' NODE ***/!!!
    INSERT INTO sampleTable EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT
   *
FROM
   sampleTable;';
    END;
$$;
Copy

Issues Inside of Dynamic SQL

Something important to take into account is that when migrating dynamic SQL code, SnowConvert will not report any type of issue inside of dynamic SQL in the output code or in the assessment reports. This will happen even when the documentation of an issue or the translation specification describes that an issue will always be added to the output code. Here is an example of a migration in Oracle where this situation might be encountered:

Oracle
 SELECT dbms_random.value() FROM dual;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE dynamic_sql_procedure
AS
  result VARCHAR(100) := 'SELECT dbms_random.value() from dual';
BEGIN
  NULL;  
END;
Copy
Snowflake
 SELECT
  --** SSC-FDM-OR0033 - DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE DIGITS OF PRECISION ARE LOWER IN SNOWFLAKE **
  DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE_UDF() FROM dual;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE dynamic_sql_procedure ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
  DECLARE
    result VARCHAR(100) := 'SELECT
   DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE_UDF() from dual';
  BEGIN
    NULL;
  END;
$$;
Copy

In the previous example, the query and the variable assignment inside the procedure will be converted exactly the same, the difference is that in the dynamic SQL code the conversion issues will not be shown in the output code and in the assessment reports.

Best Practices

  • Use this tag to track every dynamically built statement and review its correctness when troubleshooting.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0031

Function not supported.

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Medium

Description

This warning is used to report that a specific built-in function of Teradata, Oracle, or SQL Server is not supported.

Example Code

Input Code (Oracle):
 SELECT VALUE(ST) FROM SampleTable ST;
Copy
Output Code:
 // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.
SELECT
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0031 - VALUE FUNCTION NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
 VALUE(ST) FROM
 SampleTable ST;
Copy

Best Practices

  • Please refer to the following links to check the current transformation of the specific function you are trying to convert:

    • Oracle built-in functions (https://app.gitbook.com/s/Y3yImlQ2DQRXgIL5KEaQ/translation-reference/translation-reference-1/functions)

    • Teradata built-in functions (https://app.gitbook.com/s/Y3yImlQ2DQRXgIL5KEaQ/translation-reference/translation-reference/sql-translation-reference/built-in-functions)

    • SQL Server built-in functions (https://app.gitbook.com/s/Y3yImlQ2DQRXgIL5KEaQ/translation-reference/translation-reference-2/functions)

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0032

External table requires an external stage to access a external location, define and replace the EXTERNAL_STAGE placeholder

Description

When transforming the CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE statement, SnowConvert will generate an EXTERNAL_STAGE placeholder that has to be replaced with the external stage created for connecting with the external location from Snowflake.

Please refer to the following guides to set up the necessary Storage Integration and External Stage in your Snowflake account:

Code Example

Input Code:
BigQuery
 CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL TABLE test.Employees_test
(
  Employee_id INTEGER,
  Name STRING,
  Mail STRING,
  Position STRING,
  Salary INTEGER
)
OPTIONS(
  FORMAT='CSV',
  SKIP_LEADING_ROWS=1,
  URIS=['gs://sc_external_table_bucket/folder_with_csv/Employees.csv']
);
Copy
Generated Code:
Snowflake
CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL TABLE test.Employees_test
(
  Employee_id INTEGER AS CAST(GET_IGNORE_CASE($1, 'c1') AS INTEGER),
  Name STRING AS CAST(GET_IGNORE_CASE($1, 'c2') AS STRING),
  Mail STRING AS CAST(GET_IGNORE_CASE($1, 'c3') AS STRING),
  Position STRING AS CAST(GET_IGNORE_CASE($1, 'c4') AS STRING),
  Salary INTEGER AS CAST(GET_IGNORE_CASE($1, 'c5') AS INTEGER)
)
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0032 - EXTERNAL TABLE REQUIRES AN EXTERNAL STAGE TO ACCESS gs://sc_external_table_bucket, DEFINE AND REPLACE THE EXTERNAL_STAGE PLACEHOLDER ***/!!!
LOCATION = @EXTERNAL_STAGE
AUTO_REFRESH = false
PATTERN = 'folder_with_csv/Employees.csv'
FILE_FORMAT = (TYPE = CSV SKIP_HEADER =1);

Best Practices

  • Set up your external connection in the Snowflake account and replace the EXTERNAL_STAGE placeholder to complete the transformation.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0033

Format removed, semantic information not found.

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Low

Description

This warning appears when a column used in a CAST function with a specific output format was not found in the source code.

Example Code

Input Code (Teradata):
 CREATE VIEW SampleView AS
SELECT
    DAY_DATE(FORMAT 'MMM-YYYY')(CHAR(8))
FROM
    SampleTable;
Copy
Generated Code:
 // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW SampleView
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"teradata"}}'
AS
SELECT
    CAST(RPAD(TO_VARCHAR(
    DAY_DATE !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0033 - FORMAT 'MMM-YYYY' REMOVED, SEMANTIC INFORMATION NOT FOUND. ***/!!!), 8) AS CHAR(8))
    FROM
    SampleTable;
Copy

Best Practices

  • Make sure all the dependencies(tables and views) related to the procedure statement are being migrated.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0034

Format removed.

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Low

Description

This warning appears when the format of the column used in a CAST function is removed.

Example Code

Input Code (Teradata):
 CREATE VIEW SampleView AS
SELECT
    DAY_DATE(FORMAT 'MMM-YYYY') + 1
FROM
    SampleTable;
Copy
Generated Code:
 // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW SampleView
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"teradata"}}'
AS
SELECT
    DAY_DATE !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0034 - FORMAT 'MMM-YYYY' REMOVED. ***/!!! + 1
FROM
    SampleTable;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0035

Check statement not supported.

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Low

Description

CHECK constraint is not supported by Snowflake but it does not affect functionally.

Example Code

Input Code Oracle :
 CREATE TABLE "Schema"."BaseTable"(
  "COLUMN1" VARCHAR2(255),
  CHECK ( COLUMN1 IS NOT NULL )
);
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE "Schema"."BaseTable" (
    "COLUMN1" VARCHAR(255),
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0035 - CHECK STATEMENT NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
    CHECK ( COLUMN1 IS NOT NULL )
  )
  COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
  ;
Copy
Input Code Teradata:
 CREATE TABLE TABLE1,
    NO FALLBACK,
    NO BEFORE JOURNAL,
    NO AFTER JOURNAL
(
    COL0 BYTEINT,
    CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK (COL1 < COL2)
)
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE TABLE1
(
    COL0 BYTEINT,
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0035 - CHECK STATEMENT NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
    CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK (COL1 < COL2)
)
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"teradata"}}'
;
Copy
Input Code SqlServer
 ALTER TABLE table_name2
ADD column_name VARCHAR(255)
CONSTRAINT constraint_name 
CHECK NOT FOR REPLICATION (column_name > 1);
Copy
Generated Code:
 ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS table_name2
ADD column_name VARCHAR(255)
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0035 - CHECK STATEMENT NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
CONSTRAINT constraint_name
CHECK NOT FOR REPLICATION (column_name > 1);
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0036

Data type converted to another data type.

Severity

Low

Description

This warning appears when a data type is changed into another one.

Example Code

Source Code:
 CREATE TABLE SampleTable (
    SampleYear INTERVAL YEAR(2),
    SampleMonth INTERVAL MONTH(2)
);
Copy
Converted Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE SampleTable (
    SampleYear VARCHAR(21) !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0036 - INTERVAL YEAR(2) DATA TYPE CONVERTED TO VARCHAR ***/!!!,
    SampleMonth VARCHAR(21) !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0036 - INTERVAL MONTH(2) DATA TYPE CONVERTED TO VARCHAR ***/!!!
)
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "teradata",  "convertedOn": "07/23/2024" }}'
;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0040

Statement Not Supported.

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Low

Description

This warning is added when there is a statement that is not supported in SnowFlake.

Example Code

In the following example, the PERCENT clause from SQL Server is used on the SELECT query, this is not supported by Snowflake.

Input Code (SQL Server):
 SELECT TOP 1 PERCENT * FROM SampleTable;
Copy
Source Code:
 // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.
SELECT
TOP 1 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0040 - THE STATEMENT IS NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!
*
FROM
SampleTable;
Copy

Best Practices

  • Review the original functionality of the statement and check if it is actually needed for your specific needs in Snowflake.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0041

The file has an unexpected encoding and was not translated

Note

This EWI is deprecated, please refer to SSC-OOS-0001 documentation.

Description

This issue happens when a source code file has an encoding format not recognized by the tool. Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, in this context written characters of human language, thus the error indicates the conversion tool could not recognize certain characters.

Best Practices

  • All files in the input folder should have the same encoding to avoid this error.

  • The appropriate encoding should be selected through the conversion settings or by utilizing the –encoding conversion parameter with the CLI. To determine which encoding to select online tools such as Free Online Formater (https://freeonlineformatter.com/encoding-string) can be used or run the command file -i * in the case of Linux or OS.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0045

Column Name is Snowflake Reserved Keyword.

Severity

Medium

Description

In some cases, column names that are valid in the source language may conflict with Snowflake’s reserved keywords. These conflicts arise because Snowflake reserves a set of keywords that cannot be used directly as column names without special handling. For details, refer to Snowflake’s official documentation on reserved and limited keywords.

Code example

Input
 CREATE TABLE T1
(
    LOCALTIME VARCHAR,
    CURRENT_USER VARCHAR
);
Copy
Output
 CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE T1
    (
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0045 - COLUMN NAME 'LOCALTIME' IS A SNOWFLAKE RESERVED KEYWORD ***/!!!
    "LOCALTIME" VARCHAR,
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0045 - COLUMN NAME 'CURRENT_USER' IS A SNOWFLAKE RESERVED KEYWORD ***/!!!
    "CURRENT_USER" VARCHAR
    )
    COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
    ;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0046

Nested function/procedure declarations are considered a complex pattern and not supported in snowflake.

Severity

Critical

Description

Snowflake does not support the declaration of nested functions/procedures, this warning is added to any create function or create procedure statement in which nested declarations were found.

Code example

Input
 CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION myFunction
RETURN INTEGER
IS
   total_count INTEGER;
   -- Function Declaration
   FUNCTION function_declaration(param1 VARCHAR) RETURN INTEGER;
   FUNCTION function_definition
   RETURN INTEGER
   IS
   count INTEGER;
   PROCEDURE procedure_declaration(param1 INTEGER)
   IS
       BEGIN
            NULL;
       END;
  BEGIN
    RETURN count;
  end;
BEGIN
    -- Your logic to calculate the total employee count goes here
    RETURN total_count;
END;
Copy
Output
 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0046 - NESTED FUNCTION/PROCEDURE DECLARATIONS ARE NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE. ***/!!!
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION myFunction ()
RETURNS FLOAT
LANGUAGE JAVASCRIPT
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "oracle",  "convertedOn": "12/16/2024",  "domain": "test" }}'
AS
$$
  let TOTAL_COUNT;
  !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-OR0057 - TRANSFORMATION FOR NESTED PROCEDURE OR FUNCTION IS NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
  /*    -- Function Declaration
     FUNCTION function_declaration(param1 VARCHAR) RETURN INTEGER; */
  // Function Declaration
  ;
  !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-OR0057 - TRANSFORMATION FOR NESTED PROCEDURE OR FUNCTION IS NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!!
  /*    FUNCTION function_definition
     RETURN INTEGER
     IS
     count INTEGER;
     PROCEDURE procedure_declaration(param1 INTEGER)
     IS
         BEGIN
              NULL;
         END;
    BEGIN
      RETURN count;
    end; */
  ;
  // Your logic to calculate the total employee count goes here
  return TOTAL_COUNT;
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0049

A Global Temporary Table is being referenced.

Note

This EWI is deprecated, please refer to SSC-FDM-0023 documentation.

Severity

Medium

Description

Snowconvert transforms Global Temporary tables into regular Create Table. References to these tables may behave different than expected.

Code example

Input
 create global temporary table t1 
    (col1 varchar); 
create view view1 as 
    select col1 from t1;
Copy
Output
 --** SSC-FDM-0009 - GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE FUNCTIONALITY NOT SUPPORTED. **
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t1
    (col1 varchar)
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
;

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view1
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
AS
select col1 from
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0049 - A Global Temporary Table is being referenced ***/!!!
    t1;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0052

Unusable object

Severity

Medium

Description

This error happens when the source code uses a parameter or variable that is not supported or was not recognized by the conversion tool.

Example code

Input Code (Oracle):
 -- Additional Params: -t JavaScript
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PROCEDURE_PARAMETERS(PARAM SDO_GEOMETRY)
AS
    VARIABLE SDO_GEOMETRY;
BEGIN
    VARIABLE := PARAM;
END;
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PROCEDURE_PARAMETERS (PARAM GEOMETRY)
RETURNS STRING
LANGUAGE JAVASCRIPT
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
    // REGION SnowConvert Helpers Code
    var formatDate = (arg) => (new Date(arg - (arg.getTimezoneOffset() * 60000))).toISOString().slice(0,-1);
    var fixBind = function (arg) {
        arg = arg instanceof Date ? formatDate(arg) : IS_NULL(arg) ? null : arg;
        return arg;
    };
    var SQL = {
        FOUND : false,
        NOTFOUND : false,
        ROWCOUNT : 0,
        ISOPEN : false
    };
    var _RS, _ROWS, SQLERRM = "normal, successful completion", SQLCODE = 0;
    var getObj = (_rs) => Object.assign(new Object(),_rs);
    var getRow = (_rs) => (values = Object.values(_rs)) && (values = values.splice(-1 * _rs.getColumnCount())) && values;
    var fetch = (_RS,_ROWS,fmode) => _RS.getRowCount() && _ROWS.next() && (fmode ? getObj : getRow)(_ROWS) || (fmode ? new Object() : []);
    var EXEC = function (stmt,binds,opts) {
        try {
            binds = !(arguments[1] instanceof Array) && ((opts = arguments[1]) && []) || (binds || []);
            opts = opts || new Object();
            binds = binds ? binds.map(fixBind) : binds;
            _RS = snowflake.createStatement({
                    sqlText : stmt,
                    binds : binds
                });
            _ROWS = _RS.execute();
            if (opts.sql !== 0) {
                var isSelect = stmt.toUpperCase().trimStart().startsWith("SELECT");
                var affectedRows = isSelect ? _RS.getRowCount() : _RS.getNumRowsAffected();
                SQL.FOUND = affectedRows != 0;
                SQL.NOTFOUND = affectedRows == 0;
                SQL.ROWCOUNT = affectedRows;
            }
            if (opts.row === 2) {
                return _ROWS;
            }
            var INTO = function (opts) {
                if (opts.vars == 1 && _RS.getColumnCount() == 1 && _ROWS.next()) {
                    return _ROWS.getColumnValue(1);
                }
                if (opts.rec instanceof Object && _ROWS.next()) {
                    var recordKeys = Object.keys(opts.rec);
                    Object.assign(opts.rec,Object.fromEntries(new Map(getRow(_ROWS).map((element,Index) => [recordKeys[Index],element]))))
                    return opts.rec;
                }
                return fetch(_RS,_ROWS,opts.row);
            };
            var BULK_INTO_COLLECTION = function (into) {
                for(let i = 0;i < _RS.getRowCount();i++) {
                    FETCH_INTO_COLLECTIONS(into,fetch(_RS,_ROWS,opts.row));
                }
                return into;
            };
            if (_ROWS.getRowCount() > 0) {
                return _ROWS.getRowCount() == 1 ? INTO(opts) : BULK_INTO_COLLECTION(opts);
            }
        } catch(error) {
            RAISE(error.code,error.name,error.message)
        }
    };
    var RAISE = function (code,name,message) {
        message === undefined && ([name,message] = [message,name])
        var error = new Error(message);
        error.name = name
        SQLERRM = `${(SQLCODE = (error.code = code))}: ${message}`
        throw error;
    };
    var FETCH_INTO_COLLECTIONS = function (collections,fetchValues) {
        for(let i = 0;i < collections.length;i++) {
            collections[i].push(fetchValues[i]);
        }
    };
    var IS_NULL = (arg) => !(arg || arg === 0);
    // END REGION

    let VARIABLE = new SDO_GEOMETRY();
    VARIABLE =
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0052 - UNUSABLE OBJECT PARAM, ITS DATATYPE WAS NOT TRANSFORMED ***/!!!
        PARAM;
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0053

Object may not work.

Severity

Low

Description

This error happens when the conversion tool could not determine the data type of a variable. This may happen because the declaration of a variable could be missing.

Example code

Input Code (Oracle):
 -- Additional Params: -t javascript
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PROCEDURE_VARIABLES
AS
    VARIABLE INTEGER;
BEGIN
    VARIABLE := ANOTHER_VARIABLE;
END;
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PROCEDURE_VARIABLES ()
RETURNS STRING
LANGUAGE JAVASCRIPT
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
    // REGION SnowConvert Helpers Code
    var formatDate = (arg) => (new Date(arg - (arg.getTimezoneOffset() * 60000))).toISOString().slice(0,-1);
    var fixBind = function (arg) {
        arg = arg instanceof Date ? formatDate(arg) : IS_NULL(arg) ? null : arg;
        return arg;
    };
    var SQL = {
        FOUND : false,
        NOTFOUND : false,
        ROWCOUNT : 0,
        ISOPEN : false
    };
    var _RS, _ROWS, SQLERRM = "normal, successful completion", SQLCODE = 0;
    var getObj = (_rs) => Object.assign(new Object(),_rs);
    var getRow = (_rs) => (values = Object.values(_rs)) && (values = values.splice(-1 * _rs.getColumnCount())) && values;
    var fetch = (_RS,_ROWS,fmode) => _RS.getRowCount() && _ROWS.next() && (fmode ? getObj : getRow)(_ROWS) || (fmode ? new Object() : []);
    var EXEC = function (stmt,binds,opts) {
        try {
            binds = !(arguments[1] instanceof Array) && ((opts = arguments[1]) && []) || (binds || []);
            opts = opts || new Object();
            binds = binds ? binds.map(fixBind) : binds;
            _RS = snowflake.createStatement({
                    sqlText : stmt,
                    binds : binds
                });
            _ROWS = _RS.execute();
            if (opts.sql !== 0) {
                var isSelect = stmt.toUpperCase().trimStart().startsWith("SELECT");
                var affectedRows = isSelect ? _RS.getRowCount() : _RS.getNumRowsAffected();
                SQL.FOUND = affectedRows != 0;
                SQL.NOTFOUND = affectedRows == 0;
                SQL.ROWCOUNT = affectedRows;
            }
            if (opts.row === 2) {
                return _ROWS;
            }
            var INTO = function (opts) {
                if (opts.vars == 1 && _RS.getColumnCount() == 1 && _ROWS.next()) {
                    return _ROWS.getColumnValue(1);
                }
                if (opts.rec instanceof Object && _ROWS.next()) {
                    var recordKeys = Object.keys(opts.rec);
                    Object.assign(opts.rec,Object.fromEntries(new Map(getRow(_ROWS).map((element,Index) => [recordKeys[Index],element]))))
                    return opts.rec;
                }
                return fetch(_RS,_ROWS,opts.row);
            };
            var BULK_INTO_COLLECTION = function (into) {
                for(let i = 0;i < _RS.getRowCount();i++) {
                    FETCH_INTO_COLLECTIONS(into,fetch(_RS,_ROWS,opts.row));
                }
                return into;
            };
            if (_ROWS.getRowCount() > 0) {
                return _ROWS.getRowCount() == 1 ? INTO(opts) : BULK_INTO_COLLECTION(opts);
            }
        } catch(error) {
            RAISE(error.code,error.name,error.message)
        }
    };
    var RAISE = function (code,name,message) {
        message === undefined && ([name,message] = [message,name])
        var error = new Error(message);
        error.name = name
        SQLERRM = `${(SQLCODE = (error.code = code))}: ${message}`
        throw error;
    };
    var FETCH_INTO_COLLECTIONS = function (collections,fetchValues) {
        for(let i = 0;i < collections.length;i++) {
            collections[i].push(fetchValues[i]);
        }
    };
    var IS_NULL = (arg) => !(arg || arg === 0);
    // END REGION

    let VARIABLE;
    VARIABLE =
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0053 - OBJECT ANOTHER_VARIABLE MAY NOT WORK PROPERLY, ITS DATATYPE WAS NOT RECOGNIZED ***/!!!
        ANOTHER_VARIABLE;
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0054

Unsupported outer join subquery

Note

Some parts in the output code are omitted for clarity reasons.

Severity

Low

Description

This error happens when a correlated subquery is found within an OR logical expression of an OUTER JOIN (Left, Right or Full). In those cases they could produce inconsistent results or cause the following error:

SQL compilation error: Unsupported subquery type cannot be evaluated.

These limitations with subqueries are briefly mentioned in Snowflake documentation and some information about them can also be found in Snowflake forums. (https://community.snowflake.com/s/question/0D53r00009mIxwYCAS/sql-compilation-error-unsupported-subquery-type-cannot-be-evaluated)

Example code

Input Code (Teradata):
 SELECT a.Column1, b.Column2
FROM
    TableA a
    LEFT JOIN TableB b ON (a.Column1 = b.Column1)
    AND (
        a.Column2 = b.Column2
        OR EXISTS(
            SELECT * FROM Table3 c
            WHERE c.Column1 = a.Column1
        )
    );
Copy
Generated Code:
 // SnowConvert Helpers Code section is omitted.
SELECT
    a.Column1,
    b.Column2
FROM
    TableA a
   LEFT JOIN
        TableB b ON (a.Column1 = b.Column1)
   AND (
       a.Column2 = b.Column2
       OR EXISTS
                !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0054 - CORRELATED SUBQUERIES WITHIN AN OR EXPRESSION OF AN OUTER JOIN COULD CAUSE COMPILATION ERRORS ***/!!!(
                    SELECT
                        * FROM
                        Table3 c
                               WHERE c.Column1 = a.Column1
       )
   );
Copy

Best Practices

  • Verify the output code does not produce a compilation error.

  • Verify the output code’s functional equivalence.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0056

Create Type Not Supported

Severity

Low

Description

This message appears when a transformable Custom Type is defined, to add feedback about the transformable Custom Types being commented.

Note

The type definition is commented on but is still being taken into account for resolving usages, see SSC-EWI-0062 for more information.

Example code

Input Code (Oracle):
 CREATE TYPE type1 AS OBJECT (column1 INT);

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE record_procedure
IS
    TYPE record_typ IS RECORD(col1 INTEGER, col2 FLOAT);
BEGIN
    NULL;
END;
Copy
Generated Code:
 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0056 - CUSTOM TYPES ARE NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE BUT REFERENCES TO THIS CUSTOM TYPE WERE CHANGED TO VARIANT ***/!!!
CREATE TYPE type1 AS OBJECT (column1 INT)
;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE record_procedure ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
    DECLARE
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0056 - CUSTOM TYPES ARE NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE BUT REFERENCES TO THIS CUSTOM TYPE WERE CHANGED TO OBJECT ***/!!!
        TYPE record_typ IS RECORD(col1 INTEGER, col2 FLOAT);
    BEGIN
        NULL;
    END;
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0058

Functionality is not currently supported by Snowflake Scripting

Severity

Medium

Description

This error happens when a statement used in a create procedure is not currently supported by Snowflake Scripting.

Example code

Input Code (Oracle):
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PROC01
IS
  number_variable INTEGER;
BEGIN
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT 1 FROM DUAL' INTO number_variable;
END;
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PROC01 ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
  DECLARE
    number_variable INTEGER;
  BEGIN
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0030 - THE STATEMENT BELOW HAS USAGES OF DYNAMIC SQL. ***/!!!
    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT 1 FROM DUAL'
                                           !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0058 - FUNCTIONALITY FOR 'EXECUTE IMMEDIATE RETURNING CLAUSE' IS NOT CURRENTLY SUPPORTED BY SNOWFLAKE SCRIPTING ***/!!!
                                           INTO number_variable;
  END;
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0062

Custom type usage changed to variant

Severity

Low

Description

This message appears when a Custom Type is referenced, and then its usage is changed to a variant.

Note

This message is heavily related to SSC-EWI-0056.

Example code

Input Code (Oracle):
 CREATE TYPE type1 AS OBJECT(type1_column1 INT);

CREATE TABLE table1
(
column1 type1
);
Copy
Generated Code:
 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0056 - CUSTOM TYPES ARE NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE BUT REFERENCES TO THIS CUSTOM TYPE WERE CHANGED TO VARIANT ***/!!!
CREATE TYPE type1 AS OBJECT(type1_column1 INT)
;

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE table1
(
column1 VARIANT !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0062 - CUSTOM TYPE 'type1' USAGE CHANGED TO VARIANT ***/!!!
)
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "oracle",  "convertedOn": "07/14/2025",  "domain": "no-domain-provided" }}'
;

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW table1_view
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "oracle",  "convertedOn": "07/14/2025",  "domain": "no-domain-provided" }}'
AS
SELECT
column1:type1_column1 :: VARCHAR AS type1_column1
FROM
table1;
Copy

Best Practices

  • Remember to transform all of its input data into a Variant-compliant data type as well.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com.

SSC-EWI-0064

Referenced custom type in query not found

Severity

High

Description

This error happens when a Custom Type is referenced in a source for a DML statement, but the Custom Type was never defined.
For example in a Table Column whose type might be a UDT but it was never defined.

Warning

Not to be confused with SSC-FDM-0015, which is when it was referenced in a DDL query.

Example Code

Input Code (Oracle):
 --Type was never defined
--CREATE TYPE type1;

CREATE TABLE table1
(
--the type will be unresolved
column1 type1
);

SELECT
column1
FROM table1;
Copy
Generated Code:
 --Type was never defined
--CREATE TYPE type1;
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0050 - MISSING DEPENDENT OBJECT "type1" ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0063 - 'PUBLIC.table1_view' ADDED BECAUSE 'table1' USED A CUSTOM TYPE ***/!!!
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE table1
(
--the type will be unresolved
column1 VARIANT !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0064 - REFERENCED CUSTOM TYPE 'type1' IN QUERY NOT FOUND, USAGES MAY BE AFFECTED ***/!!! /*** SSC-FDM-0015 - DATA TYPE 'type1' NOT RECOGNIZED ***/
);

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW PUBLIC.table1_view
AS
SELECT
column1
FROM
table1;

SELECT
column1 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0064 - REFERENCED CUSTOM TYPE 'type1' IN QUERY NOT FOUND, USAGES MAY BE AFFECTED ***/!!!
FROM
table1;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0066

Expression not supported in Snowflake.

Severity

High

Description

This error is used to inform that a specific expression is not supported in Snowflake.

Example Code

Input Code:
 SELECT * from T1 where (cast('2016-03-17' as DATE), 
       cast('2016-03-21' as DATE)) OVERLAPS
       (cast('2016-03-20' as DATE), cast('2016-03-22' as DATE));
Copy
Output Code:
 SELECT * from
       T1
where
       !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0066 - EXPRESSION 'OVERLAPS' IS NOT SUPPORTED IN SNOWFLAKE. ***/!!! (cast('2016-03-17' as DATE),
       cast('2016-03-21' as DATE)) OVERLAPS
       (cast('2016-03-20' as DATE), cast('2016-03-22' as DATE));
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0067

UDF was transformed to Snowflake procedure, calling procedures inside a query is not supported.

Severity

High

Description

This error is added when a call to a UDF (user defined function) is found inside a query. Oracle UDFs and UDFs inside packages and some SQL Server UDFs, are being transformed to Snowflake Stored Procedures, which can not be called from a query.

The function is transformed to a Stored procedure to maintain functional equivalence and the function call is transformed to an empty Snowflake UDF function.

Note

This EWI is strongly related to SSC-EWI-0068

Example Code

SQL Server:
Input Code
 CREATE OR ALTER FUNCTION PURCHASING.FOO()
RETURNS INT
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @i int = 0, @p int;
    Select @p = COUNT(*) FROM PURCHASING.VENDOR
    
    WHILE (@p < 1000)
    BEGIN
        SET @i = @i + 1
        SET @p = @p + @i
    END
        
    IF (@i = 6)
        RETURN 1
    
    RETURN @p
END;
GO

SELECT PURCHASING.FOO() AS RESULT;
Copy
Generated Code
 BEGIN
    --** SSC-FDM-0007 - MISSING DEPENDENT OBJECT "PURCHASING.VENDOR" **
    Select
        COUNT(*)
    INTO
        :P
 FROM
        PURCHASING.VENDOR;
    WHILE (:P < 1000) LOOP
        I := :I + 1;
        P := :P + :I;
    END LOOP;
    IF ((:I = 6)) THEN
        RETURN 1;
    END IF;
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0073 - PENDING FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE REVIEW FOR 'ReturnStatement' NODE ***/!!!

    RETURN @p;
END;

--** SSC-FDM-0007 - MISSING DEPENDENT OBJECT "PURCHASING.FOO" **

SELECT PURCHASING.FOO() !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0073 - PENDING FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE REVIEW FOR 'PURCHASING.FOO' NODE ***/!!! AS RESULT;
Copy
Oracle:
Input Code
 CREATE FUNCTION employee_function (param1 in NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER is
  var1    employees.employee_ID%TYPE;
  var2    employees.manager_ID%TYPE;
  var3    employees.title%TYPE;
BEGIN
  SELECT employee_ID, manager_ID, title
  INTO var1, var2, var3
  FROM employees
    START WITH manager_ID = param1
    CONNECT BY manager_ID = PRIOR employee_id;
  RETURN var1;
EXCEPTION
   WHEN no_data_found THEN RETURN param1;
END employee_function;

SELECT employee_function(2) FROM employees;
Copy
Generated Code
 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0068 - USER DEFINED FUNCTION WAS TRANSFORMED TO SNOWFLAKE PROCEDURE ***/!!!
--** SSC-FDM-0007 - MISSING DEPENDENT OBJECT "employees" **
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE employee_function (param1 NUMBER(38, 18))
RETURNS NUMBER(38, 18)
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "oracle",  "convertedOn": "07/10/2025",  "domain": "no-domain-provided" }}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
  DECLARE
    var1    employees.employee_ID%TYPE;
    var2    employees.manager_ID%TYPE;
    var3    employees.title%TYPE;
  BEGIN
    SELECT employee_ID, manager_ID, title
    INTO
      :var1,
      :var2,
      :var3
    FROM
      employees
      START WITH manager_ID = :param1
    CONNECT BY
      manager_ID = PRIOR employee_id;
    RETURN :var1;
  EXCEPTION
     WHEN no_data_found THEN
      RETURN :param1;
  END;
$$;

--** SSC-FDM-0007 - MISSING DEPENDENT OBJECT "employees" **

SELECT
  !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0067 - UDF WAS TRANSFORMED TO SNOWFLAKE PROCEDURE, CALLING PROCEDURES INSIDE QUERIES IS NOT SUPPORTED ***/!!! employee_function(2) FROM
  employees;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0068

User defined function was transformed to a Snowflake procedure.

Snowflake user defined functions do not support the same features as Oracle or SQL Server. To maintain the functional equivalence the function is transformed to a Snowflake stored procedure. This will affect their usage in queries.

Example Code

SQL Server:

Input Code
 CREATE OR ALTER FUNCTION PURCHASING.FOO()
RETURNS INT
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @i int = 0, @p int;
    Select @p = COUNT(*) FROM PURCHASING.VENDOR
    
    WHILE (@p < 1000)
    BEGIN
        SET @i = @i + 1
        SET @p = @p + @i
    END
        
    IF (@i = 6)
        RETURN 1
    
    RETURN @p
END;
Copy
Generated Code
 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0068 - USER DEFINED FUNCTION WAS TRANSFORMED TO SNOWFLAKE PROCEDURE ***/!!!
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PURCHASING.FOO ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "transact",  "convertedOn": "06/25/2025",  "domain": "no-domain-provided" }}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
    DECLARE
        I INT := 0;
        P INT;
    BEGIN
         
        Select
            COUNT(*)
        INTO
            :P
 FROM
            PURCHASING.VENDOR;
        WHILE (:P < 1000) LOOP
            I := :I + 1;
            P := :P + :I;
        END LOOP;
        IF ((:I = 6)) THEN
            RETURN 1;
        END IF;
        RETURN :P;
    END;
$$;
Copy
Oracle:
Input Code
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION FUN1(PAR1 VARCHAR)
RETURN VARCHAR
IS
    VAR1 VARCHAR(20);
    VAR2 VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
    SELECT COL1 INTO VAR1 FROM TABLE1 where col1 = 1;
    VAR2 := PAR1 || VAR1;
    RETURN VAR2;
END;
/
Generated Code
 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0068 - USER DEFINED FUNCTION WAS TRANSFORMED TO SNOWFLAKE PROCEDURE ***/!!!
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE FUN1(PAR1 VARCHAR)
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
  DECLARE
    VAR1 VARCHAR(20);
    VAR2 VARCHAR(20);
  BEGIN
    SELECT COL1 INTO
      :VAR1
    FROM
      TABLE1
    where col1 = 1;
    VAR2 := NVL(:PAR1 :: STRING, '') || NVL(:VAR1 :: STRING, '');
    RETURN :VAR2;
  END;
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

  • Separate the inside queries to maintain the same logic.

  • The source code may need to be restructured to fit with the Snowflake user-defined functions approach.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0073

Pending Functional Equivalence Review

Severity

Medium

Description

This EWI is added when there is a grammar clause in the input platform that has not been reviewed yet by the SnowConvert developer team, in order to provide support for it in Snowflake. That means the code has not been transformed in any way and therefore, is something that may not work in Snowflake without some manual revision.

Example Code

SQLServer:
Input Code
 CREATE OR ALTER PROC SampleProcedure
AS
BEGIN
   INSERT INTO aTable (columnA = 'varcharValue', columnB = 1);
   INSERT exampleTable VALUES ('Hello', 23);
   INSERT INTO exampleTable DEFAULT VALUES;
END
Copy
Generated Code
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE SampleProcedure ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"transact"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
   BEGIN
      INSERT INTO aTable (columnA = 'varcharValue', columnB = 1);
      INSERT INTO exampleTable VALUES ('Hello', 23);
      !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0073 - PENDING FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE REVIEW FOR 'INSERT WITH DEFAULT VALUES' NODE ***/!!!
      INSERT INTO exampleTable DEFAULT VALUES;
   END;
$$;
Copy

Notice in line 6 of the input code, that there is a reference to a INSERT statement with DEFAULT VALUES, this is currently a not supported statement by SnowConvert and that is why in lines 11 and 12 the EWI is generated.

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0077

Cycle found between CTE calls. CTEs cannot be ordered.

Severity

Low

Description

This warning is added when a query that has several CTE (Common Table Expression) reference calls creates a cycle that cannot determine the calling order of the CTEs, and then the CTEs cannot be ordered and the query will remain as the source.

Example Code

Input Code (Teradata):
 WITH t1(c1) as (SELECT c1 FROM t2),
     t2(c2) as (SELECT c2 FROM t3),
     RECURSIVE t3(c3) as (SELECT c3, someOtherColumn FROM t1, t3)
     SELECT * FROM t1;
Copy
Generated Code:
 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0077 - CYCLE FOUND BETWEEN CTE REFERENCE CALLS, CTES CANNOT BE ORDERED AND THE QUERY WILL REMAIN AS ORIGINAL ***/!!!
WITH RECURSIVE t1(c1) AS
(
     SELECT
          c1 FROM t2
),
t2(c2) AS
(
     SELECT
          c2 FROM t3
),
t3(c3) AS
(
     SELECT
          c3,
          someOtherColumn FROM t1, t3
)
SELECT
     * FROM t1;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0080

Default value is not allowed on binary columns

Severity

Low

Description

This EWI is added when the source code has a default value for BINARY data type, which is not supported in SnowFlake SQL

Example Code

Input Code (SqlServer):

 create table test1345
(
  key1 binary default 0
);
Copy

Output Code:

 CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE test1345
(
  key1 BINARY
              !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0080 - DEFAULT VALUE IS NOT ALLOWED ON BINARY COLUMNS ***/!!!
              default 0
)
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"transact"}}'
;
Copy
Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0084

XMLTABLE is not supported.

Severity

High

Description

XMLTABLE function is not currently supported.

Example Code

Input Code (DB2):
 SELECT
    *
FROM
    XMLTABLE(
        'stringValue' PASSING BY REF passingExpr AS AliasName
    ) AS XMLTABLENAME
Copy
Generated Code:
 SELECT
    *
FROM
    !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0084 - XMLTABLE IS NOT SUPPORTED BY SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!
    XMLTABLE(
        'stringValue' PASSING BY REF passingExpr AS AliasName
    ) AS XMLTABLENAME
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0086

Replaced invalid characters for new identifier

Note

This EWI is deprecated, please refer to SSC-FDM-0030 documentation.

Severity

Low

Description

The given identifier has invalid characters for the output language. Those characters were replaced with their UTF-8 codes.

Example Code

Input Code (Oracle):
 CREATE PROCEDURE PROC1
AS
    "VAR0" INT;
    "VAR`/1ͷ" VARCHAR(20);
    "o*/o" FLOAT;
    " . " INT;
    ". ." INT;
    "123Name" INT;
    "return" INT;
    yield INT;
    ident#10 INT;
BEGIN
    NULL;
END;
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PROC1 ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
    DECLARE
        "VAR0" INT;
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0086 - IDENTIFIER '"VAR`/1ͷ"' HAS INVALID CHARACTERS. CHARACTERS WERE REPLACED WITH THEIR UTF-8 CODES ***/!!!
        VAR_u60_u2F1ͷ VARCHAR(20);
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0086 - IDENTIFIER '"o*/o"' HAS INVALID CHARACTERS. CHARACTERS WERE REPLACED WITH THEIR UTF-8 CODES ***/!!!
        o_u2A_u2Fo FLOAT;
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0086 - IDENTIFIER '" . "' HAS INVALID CHARACTERS. CHARACTERS WERE REPLACED WITH THEIR UTF-8 CODES ***/!!!
        _u20_u2E_u20 INT;
        !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0086 - IDENTIFIER '". ."' HAS INVALID CHARACTERS. CHARACTERS WERE REPLACED WITH THEIR UTF-8 CODES ***/!!!
        _u2E_u20_u2E INT;
        "123Name" INT;
        "return" INT;
        yield INT;
        IDENT_HASHTAG_10 INT;
    BEGIN
        NULL;
    END;
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0092

Materialized View was converted to regular View.

Deprecated

Severity

Low

Description

Snowflake Materialized Views have certain limitations mentioned here. Right now, all Materialized Views are being converted to regular Views without the additional clauses they had. In the future, SnowConvert is going to convert the supported cases to Snowflake Materialized Views.

Example Code

Input Code:
 CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW MATERIALIZED_VIEW1
SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
ORGANIZATION HEAP PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
INMEMORY PRIORITY NONE MEMCOMPRESS FOR QUERY LOW DISTRIBUTE AUTO NO DUPLICATE
AS
select
   *
from
   aTable;
Copy
Generated Code:
 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0092 - MATERIALIZED VIEW WAS CONVERTED TO REGULAR VIEW. ***/!!!
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW MATERIALIZED_VIEW1
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},{"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
AS
--** SSC-FDM-0001 - VIEWS SELECTING ALL COLUMNS FROM A SINGLE TABLE ARE NOT REQUIRED IN SNOWFLAKE AND MAY IMPACT PERFORMANCE. **
select
   *
from
   aTable;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0094

Label declaration not supported

Severity

Low

Description

Currently there is no equivalent for labels declaration in Snow Scripting, so an EWI is added, and the label is commented out

Example Code

Input Code (Oracle):
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE Example ( grade NUMBER )
IS
BEGIN
	<<CASE1>><<CASE2>>
	CASE grade
		WHEN 10 THEN NULL;
		ELSE NULL;
	END CASE CASE1;
END;
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE Example (grade NUMBER(38, 18))
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"oracle"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
	BEGIN
		!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0094 - LABEL DECLARATION FOR A STATEMENT IS NOT SUPPORTED BY SNOWFLAKE SCRIPTING <<CASE1>><<CASE2>> ***/!!!
		CASE :grade
			WHEN 10 THEN
				NULL;
			ELSE NULL;
		END CASE;
	END;
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0101

Commented out transaction label name because is not applicable in Snowflake

Severity

Low

Description

Snowflake does not operate transaction label names because there should not be nested transactions to identify in different COMMIT or ROLLBACK statements.

Example code

Input Code (SQL Server):
 CREATE PROCEDURE TestTransaction
AS
BEGIN
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS NEWTABLE;
    CREATE TABLE NEWTABLE(COL1 INT, COL2 VARCHAR);
      BEGIN TRANSACTION LabelA;
        INSERT INTO NEWTABLE VALUES (1, 'MICHAEL');
        INSERT INTO NEWTABLE VALUES(2, 'JACKSON');
      COMMIT TRANSACTION LabelA;
END
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE TestTransaction ()
RETURNS VARCHAR
LANGUAGE SQL
COMMENT = '{"origin":"sf_sc","name":"snowconvert","version":{"major":1, "minor":0},"attributes":{"component":"transact"}}'
EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
$$
    BEGIN
        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS NEWTABLE;
        CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE NEWTABLE (
            COL1 INT,
            COL2 VARCHAR
        );
            BEGIN TRANSACTION
            !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0101 - COMMENTED OUT TRANSACTION LABEL NAME BECAUSE IS NOT APPLICABLE IN SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!
            LabelA;
            INSERT INTO NEWTABLE VALUES (1, 'MICHAEL');
        INSERT INTO NEWTABLE VALUES(2, 'JACKSON');
            COMMIT;
    END;
$$;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0102

Removed statement option from code, already handled in conversion to Snowflake

Severity

Low

Description

Snowflake statements could remove some options when they are handled by the conversion rule. So it will be removed from the output code but the functionality is equivalent.

Example code

Input Code (PostgreSQL):
 -- Case 1:
TRUNCATE ONLY table_base2 RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE;

-- Case 2:
TRUNCATE TABLE table_inherit_and_generated RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE;
Copy
Generated Code:
 -- Case 1:
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0102 - REMOVED ONLY OPTION FROM CODE, ALREADY HANDLED IN CONVERSION TO SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0102 - REMOVED CASCADE OPTION FROM CODE, ALREADY HANDLED IN CONVERSION TO SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0102 - REMOVED RESTART IDENTITY OPTION FROM CODE, ALREADY HANDLED IN CONVERSION TO SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!
TRUNCATE table_base2;

-- Case 2:
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0102 - REMOVED CASCADE OPTION FROM CODE, ALREADY HANDLED IN CONVERSION TO SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0102 - REMOVED RESTART IDENTITY OPTION FROM CODE, ALREADY HANDLED IN CONVERSION TO SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!
TRUNCATE TABLE table_inherit_and_generated;
Copy

Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0107

Interval Literal Not Supported In Current Scenario

Severity

High

Description

Snowflake Intervals can only be used in arithmetic operations. Intervals used in any other scenario are not supported.

Example Code

Input Code:

 SELECT INTERVAL '1-5' YEAR TO MONTH FROM DUAL;
Copy

Output Code:

 SELECT
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0107 - INTERVAL LITERAL IS NOT SUPPORTED BY SNOWFLAKE IN THIS SCENARIO  ***/!!!
 INTERVAL '1-5' YEAR TO MONTH FROM DUAL;
Copy
Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0108

The following subquery matches at least one of the patterns considered invalid and may produce compilation errors

Severity

High

Description

In Snowflake, there are multiple patterns and elements in a subquery that are not supported and make it not executable. According to the Snowflake documentation on subqueries the following subquery types are supported:

  • Uncorrelated scalar subqueries in any place that a value expression can be used.

  • Correlated scalar subqueries in WHERE clauses.

  • EXISTS, ANY / ALL, and IN subqueries in WHERE clauses. These subqueries can be correlated or uncorrelated.

Please note that the list above is not exhaustive, meaning that subqueries that match none of the specified types may still be considered valid.

To help avoid errors, SnowConvert knows a set of subquery patterns that normally invalidate subqueries, this EWI is added to warn the user that the subquery matches at least one of these patterns and therefore may produce errors when compiled in Snowflake.

Example Code

Input Code:
 CREATE TABLE tableA
(
    col1 INTEGER,
    col2 VARCHAR(20)
);

CREATE TABLE tableB
(
    col3 INTEGER,
    col4 VARCHAR(20)
);

INSERT INTO tableA VALUES (50, 'Hey');

INSERT INTO tableB VALUES (50, 'Hey');
INSERT INTO tableB VALUES (50, 'Example');
INSERT INTO tableB VALUES (10, 'Bye');

-- Snowflake only allows the usage of FETCH in subqueries that are uncorrelated scalar, this subquery execution will fail
SELECT col2
FROM tableA
WHERE col2 = (SELECT col4 FROM tableB WHERE col3 = col1 FETCH FIRST ROW ONLY);

-- This subquery is uncorrelated scalar so FETCH is valid to use
SELECT col2
FROM tableA
WHERE col2 = (SELECT col4 FROM tableB FETCH FIRST ROW ONLY);
Copy
Generated Code:
 CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE tableA
    (
        col1 INTEGER,
        col2 VARCHAR(20)
    )
    COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "oracle",  "convertedOn": "12/05/2024",  "domain": "test" }}'
    ;

    CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE tableB
    (
        col3 INTEGER,
        col4 VARCHAR(20)
    )
    COMMENT = '{ "origin": "sf_sc", "name": "snowconvert", "version": {  "major": 0,  "minor": 0,  "patch": "0" }, "attributes": {  "component": "oracle",  "convertedOn": "12/05/2024",  "domain": "test" }}'
    ;

    INSERT INTO tableA
    VALUES (50, 'Hey');

    INSERT INTO tableB
    VALUES (50, 'Hey');

    INSERT INTO tableB
    VALUES (50, 'Example');

    INSERT INTO tableB
    VALUES (10, 'Bye');

    -- Snowflake only allows the usage of FETCH in subqueries that are uncorrelated scalar, this subquery execution will fail
SELECT col2
FROM
    tableA
    WHERE col2 =
                 --** SSC-FDM-0002 - CORRELATED SUBQUERIES MAY HAVE SOME FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES. **
                 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0108 - THE FOLLOWING SUBQUERY MATCHES AT LEAST ONE OF THE PATTERNS CONSIDERED INVALID AND MAY PRODUCE COMPILATION ERRORS ***/!!! (SELECT
                         ANY_VALUE( col4) FROM
                         tableB
                     WHERE col3 = col1
                     FETCH FIRST 1 ROW ONLY);

    -- This subquery is uncorrelated scalar so FETCH is valid to use
SELECT col2
FROM
    tableA
    WHERE col2 = (SELECT col4 FROM
                         tableB
                     FETCH FIRST 1 ROW ONLY);
Copy

Best Practices

  • Check the subquery in Snowflake, if it compiles without problems then this EWI can be safely ignored.

  • Please check the complex patterns section for subqueries inside the assessment report, it contains a list of the patterns that normally invalidate subqueries and their occurrences, it can be used to review the migrated subqueries and why are they considered invalid.

  • If you need more support, you can email us at snowconvert-support@snowflake.com

SSC-EWI-0109

Alter Table syntax is not applicable in Snowflake.

Severity

Medium

Description

The Alter Table syntax used is not applicable in Snowflake, then this message is being added.

Example Code:

Input Code:
 ALTER TABLE SOMENAME DEFAULT COLLATION SOMENAME;

ALTER TABLE SOMENAME ROW ARCHIVAL;

ALTER TABLE SOMENAME MODIFY CLUSTERING;

ALTER TABLE SOMENAME DROP CLUSTERING;

ALTER TABLE SOMENAME SHRINK SPACE COMPACT CASCADE;
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Generated Code:
 !!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0109 - ALTER TABLE SYNTAX NOT APPLICABLE IN SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!

ALTER TABLE SOMENAME
DEFAULT COLLATION SOMENAME;

!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0109 - ALTER TABLE SYNTAX NOT APPLICABLE IN SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!

ALTER TABLE SOMENAME
ROW ARCHIVAL;

!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0109 - ALTER TABLE SYNTAX NOT APPLICABLE IN SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!

ALTER TABLE SOMENAME
MODIFY CLUSTERING;

!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0109 - ALTER TABLE SYNTAX NOT APPLICABLE IN SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!

ALTER TABLE SOMENAME
DROP CLUSTERING;

!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0109 - ALTER TABLE SYNTAX NOT APPLICABLE IN SNOWFLAKE ***/!!!


ALTER TABLE SOMENAME
SHRINK SPACE COMPACT CASCADE;
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Best Practices

SSC-EWI-0110

Transformation Not Performed Due To Missing Dependencies

Severity

Low

Description

When there are missing dependencies, the EWI is added to indicate that a transformation cannot be executed. SnowConvert utilizes abstract syntax trees to create a semantic model of the input code, which is then used to generate new code that replicates the functionality of the original source. However, in this particular scenario, the transformation could not be completed because the semantic model lacks certain dependencies.

Example code

Input Code :
 ALTER TABLE MissingTable ADD
CONSTRAINT constraint1  DEFAULT (suser_name()) FOR col1;
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Generated Code:
 --** SSC-FDM-0007 - MISSING DEPENDENT OBJECT "MissingTable" **
!!!RESOLVE EWI!!! /*** SSC-EWI-0110 - TRANSFORMATION NOT PERFORMED DUE TO MISSING DEPENDENCIES ***/!!!

ALTER TABLE MissingTable
ADD
CONSTRAINT constraint1 DEFAULT (CURRENT_USER()) FOR col1;
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Best Practices

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