CREATE ICEBERG TABLE

在当前/指定架构中创建或替换 Apache Iceberg™ 表。

另请参阅：

ALTER ICEBERG TABLE、DROP ICEBERG TABLE、SHOW ICEBERG TABLES、DESCRIBE ICEBERG TABLE

语法

本节概述了 所有 类型的 Iceberg 表的语法。创建 Iceberg 表的语法差异很大，具体取决于您是将 Snowflake 用作 Iceberg 目录还是外部 Iceberg 目录。

要查看特定用例的语法、参数说明、使用说明和示例，请参阅以下页面：

使用 Snowflake 作为 Iceberg 目录

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <table_name> (
    -- Column definition
    <col_name> <col_type> [ DEFAULT <col_default> ]
      [ inlineConstraint ]
      [ NOT NULL ]
      [ [ WITH ] MASKING POLICY <policy_name> [ USING ( <col_name> , <cond_col1> , ... ) ] ]
      [ [ WITH ] PROJECTION POLICY <policy_name> ]
      [ [ WITH ] TAG ( <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' [ , <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' , ... ] ) ]
      [ COMMENT '<string_literal>' ]

    -- Additional column definitions
    [ , <col_name> <col_type> [ DEFAULT <col_default> ] [ ... ] ]

    -- Out-of-line constraints
    [ , outoflineConstraint [ ... ] ]
  )
  [ PARTITION BY ( partitionExpression [, partitionExpression , ...] ) ]
  [ PATH_LAYOUT = { FLAT | HIERARCHICAL } ]
  [ CLUSTER BY ( <expr> [ , <expr> , ... ] ) ]
  [ EXTERNAL_VOLUME = '<external_volume_name>' ]
  [ CATALOG = 'SNOWFLAKE' ]
  [ BASE_LOCATION = '<directory_for_table_files>' ]
  [ TARGET_FILE_SIZE = '{ AUTO | 16MB | 32MB | 64MB | 128MB }' ]
  [ CATALOG_SYNC = '<open_catalog_integration_name>']
  [ STORAGE_SERIALIZATION_POLICY = { COMPATIBLE | OPTIMIZED } ]
  [ DATA_RETENTION_TIME_IN_DAYS = <integer> ]
  [ MAX_DATA_EXTENSION_TIME_IN_DAYS = <integer> ]
  [ CHANGE_TRACKING = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ COPY GRANTS ]
  [ COMMENT = '<string_literal>' ]
  [ ICEBERG_VERSION = <integer> ]
  [ ENABLE_ICEBERG_MERGE_ON_READ = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ [ WITH ] ROW ACCESS POLICY <policy_name> ON ( <col_name> [ , <col_name> ... ] ) ]
  [ [ WITH ] AGGREGATION POLICY <policy_name> ]
  [ [ WITH ] TAG ( <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' [ , <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' , ... ] ) ]
  [ WITH CONTACT ( <purpose> = <contact_name> [ , <purpose> = <contact_name> ... ] ) ]
  [ ENABLE_DATA_COMPACTION = { TRUE | FALSE } ]

其中：

inlineConstraint ::=
  [ CONSTRAINT <constraint_name> ]
  { UNIQUE
    | PRIMARY KEY
    | [ FOREIGN KEY ] REFERENCES <ref_table_name> [ ( <ref_col_name> ) ]
  }
  [ <constraint_properties> ]

有关其他内联约束的详细信息，请参阅 CREATE | ALTER TABLE ... CONSTRAINT。

outoflineConstraint ::=
  [ CONSTRAINT <constraint_name> ]
  { UNIQUE [ ( <col_name> [ , <col_name> , ... ] ) ]
    | PRIMARY KEY [ ( <col_name> [ , <col_name> , ... ] ) ]
    | [ FOREIGN KEY ] [ ( <col_name> [ , <col_name> , ... ] ) ]
      REFERENCES <ref_table_name> [ ( <ref_col_name> [ , <ref_col_name> , ... ] ) ]
  }
  [ <constraint_properties> ]

备注

  • Snowflake 表示定义为 PRIMARY KEY 的列，作为 Iceberg 元数据中的标识符字段。这些列的 IDs 在元数据中填充为 标识符字段 IDs (https://iceberg.apache.org/spec/#identifier-field-ids)。

  • Snowflake 不对 Iceberg 表的 PRIMARY KEY 列强制执行 NOT NULL 和 UNIQUE 约束条件。

有关其他行外约束的详细信息，请参阅 CREATE | ALTER TABLE ... CONSTRAINT。

partitionExpression ::=
  <col_name> -- identity transform
  | BUCKET ( <num_buckets> , <col_name> )
  | TRUNCATE ( <width> , <col_name> )
  | YEAR ( <col_name> )
  | MONTH ( <col_name> )
  | DAY ( <col_name> )
  | HOUR ( <col_name> )

有关更多信息，请参阅 CREATE ICEBERG TABLE（使用 Snowflake 作为 Iceberg 目录）。

CREATE ICEBERG TABLE ...AS SELECT（也称为 CTAS）

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE <table_name> [ ( <col_name> [ <col_type> ] [ DEFAULT <col_default> ] , <col_name> [ <col_type> ] [ DEFAULT <col_default> ] , ... ) ]
  [ CLUSTER BY ( <expr> [ , <expr> , ... ] ) ]
  [ EXTERNAL_VOLUME = '<external_volume_name>' ]
  [ CATALOG = 'SNOWFLAKE' ]
  [ BASE_LOCATION = '<relative_path_from_external_volume>' ]
  [ COPY GRANTS ]
  [ ICEBERG_VERSION = <integer> ]
  [ ENABLE_ICEBERG_MERGE_ON_READ = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ ... ]
  AS SELECT <query>

有关更多信息，请参阅 CREATE ICEBERG TABLE ...AS SELECT。

CREATE ICEBERG TABLE ... LIKE

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE <table_name> LIKE <source_table>
  [ CLUSTER BY ( <expr> [ , <expr> , ... ] ) ]
  [ COPY GRANTS ]
  [ ... ]

有关更多信息，请参阅 CREATE ICEBERG TABLE ... LIKE。

外部 Iceberg 目录

Iceberg REST（包括 Snowflake Open Catalog）

小技巧

要将远程 REST 目录中的表自动引入 Snowflake，可以 :doc:` 创建一个与目录关联的数据库 </user-guide/tables-iceberg-catalog-linked-database>`。使用与目录关联的数据库时，您无需创建单独的外部管理 Iceberg 表即可将远程表引入 Snowflake。

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <table_name>
  [ EXTERNAL_VOLUME = '<external_volume_name>' ]
  [ CATALOG = '<catalog_integration_name>' ]
  CATALOG_TABLE_NAME = '<rest_catalog_table_name>'
  [ CATALOG_NAMESPACE = '<catalog_namespace>' ]
  [ PATH_LAYOUT = { FLAT | HIERARCHICAL } ]
  [ TARGET_FILE_SIZE = '{ AUTO | 16MB | 32MB | 64MB | 128MB }' ]
  [ REPLACE_INVALID_CHARACTERS = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ AUTO_REFRESH = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ COMMENT = '<string_literal>' ]
  [ STORAGE_SERIALIZATION_POLICY = { COMPATIBLE | OPTIMIZED } ]
  [ ENABLE_ICEBERG_MERGE_ON_READ = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ [ WITH ] TAG ( <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' [ , <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' , ... ] ) ]
  [ WITH CONTACT ( <purpose> = <contact_name> [ , <purpose> = <contact_name> ... ] ) ]

其中：

partitionExpression ::=
  <col_name> -- identity transform
  | BUCKET ( <num_buckets> , <col_name> )
  | TRUNCATE ( <width> , <col_name> )
  | YEAR ( <col_name> )
  | MONTH ( <col_name> )
  | DAY ( <col_name> )
  | HOUR ( <col_name> )

有关更多信息，请参阅 CREATE ICEBERG TABLE（Iceberg REST 目录）。

目录链接的数据库中的 Iceberg REST

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <table_name>
  [
    --Column definition
    <col_name> <col_type> [ DEFAULT <col_default> ]
      [ [ WITH ] MASKING POLICY <policy_name> [ USING ( <col_name> , <cond_col1> , ... ) ] ]

    -- Additional column definitions
    [ , <col_name> <col_type> [ DEFAULT <col_default> ] [ ... ] ]
  ]
  [ PARTITION BY ( partitionExpression [ , partitionExpression , ... ] ) ]
  [ PATH_LAYOUT = { FLAT | HIERARCHICAL } ]
  [ TARGET_FILE_SIZE = '{ AUTO | 16MB | 32MB | 64MB | 128MB }' ]
  [ MAX_DATA_EXTENSION_TIME_IN_DAYS = <integer> ]
  [ AUTO_REFRESH = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ REPLACE_INVALID_CHARACTERS = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ COPY GRANTS ]
  [ COMMENT = '<string_literal>' ]
  [ ICEBERG_VERSION = <integer> ]
  [ ENABLE_ICEBERG_MERGE_ON_READ = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ [ WITH ] TAG ( <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' [ , <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' , ... ] ) ]
  [ BASE_LOCATION = '<path_to_directory_for_table_files>' ]
  [ STORAGE_SERIALIZATION_POLICY = { COMPATIBLE | OPTIMIZED } ]

其中：

partitionExpression ::=
  <col_name> -- identity transform
  | BUCKET ( <num_buckets> , <col_name> )
  | TRUNCATE ( <width> , <col_name> )
  | YEAR ( <col_name> )
  | MONTH ( <col_name> )
  | DAY ( <col_name> )
  | HOUR ( <col_name> )

有关更多信息，请参阅 CREATE ICEBERG TABLE（Iceberg REST 目录）。

Delta 文件

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <table_name>
  [ EXTERNAL_VOLUME = '<external_volume_name>' ]
  [ CATALOG = '<catalog_integration_name>' ]
  BASE_LOCATION = '<relative_path_from_external_volume>'
  [ REPLACE_INVALID_CHARACTERS = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ AUTO_REFRESH = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ COMMENT = '<string_literal>' ]
  [ [ WITH ] TAG ( <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' [ , <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' , ... ] ) ]
  [ WITH CONTACT ( <purpose> = <contact_name> [ , <purpose> = <contact_name> ... ] ) ]

有关更多信息，请参阅 CREATE ICEBERG TABLE（对象存储中的 Delta 文件）。

对象存储中的 Iceberg 文件

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <table_name>
  [ EXTERNAL_VOLUME = '<external_volume_name>' ]
  [ CATALOG = '<catalog_integration_name>' ]
  METADATA_FILE_PATH = '<metadata_file_path>'
  [ REPLACE_INVALID_CHARACTERS = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ COMMENT = '<string_literal>' ]
  [ [ WITH ] TAG ( <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' [ , <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' , ... ] ) ]
  [ WITH CONTACT ( <purpose> = <contact_name> [ , <purpose> = <contact_name> ... ] ) ]

有关更多信息，请参阅 CREATE ICEBERG TABLE（对象存储中的 Iceberg 文件）。